. 2009 Jan;214(1):19–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01015.x

Table 2.

Facial dimensions: Narrow-sense heritability estimations (h²) and associated standard errors (SE). Statistical significant estimations (α = 0.05) are in bold. The proportion of variation explained by the significant covariates (α = 0.1) is also provided. Each measure corresponds to the distance between two landmarks (see Table 1 for definitions) and has been assigned to a minor function region within the face (although some distances may cover several regions)

Distance							Covariates
Measure		Landmarks	Howells	h²	SE	P	Variance explained	Significant covariates
Total	height	ss>n	NPH^*	0.34	0.13	0.002	0.15	sex
	length	ss>ba	BPL^*	0.32	0.12	0.001	0.14	sex
	breadth	zy r>zy l	ZYB	0.28	0.13	0.008	0.43	sex, year birth
Orbital	breadth	fmor r>fmo l	FMB	0.40	0.13	0.001	0.19	sex
	length	or l>oc l		0.35	0.14	0.004	0.06	sex
	breadth	ek r>ek l	EKB	0.34	0.14	0.005	0.17	sex, year birth
	breadth	mf r>mf l	DKB^*	0.33	0.13	0.003	0.05	sex
	height	or l>fmo l		0.29	0.14	0.015	−	−
	breadth	mf l>ek l	OBB^*	0.28	0.14	0.013	0.07	sex
Nasal	height	n>nar r/l	NLH	0.43	0.13	0.000	0.13	sex
	length	ss>pns		0.38	0.14	0.001	0.19	sex, year birth
	breadth	al r>al l	NLB	0.00	0.00	0.500	0.05	sex, year birth
Zygomatic	height	szt l>izt l		0.38	0.13	0.001	0.11	sex, deformation, year birth
	length	zym l>gle l		0.37	0.12	0.000	0.15	sex, year birth
	height	zyma l>fmo l		0.34	0.13	0.004	0.10	sex
	length	izt l>mw l		0.28	0.11	0.002	0.15	sex
	height	zym l> or l	WMH	0.24	0.12	0.014	0.13	sex
	height	zyo l>fmo l		0.23	0.14	0.029	0.32	sex
	length	or l>izt l		0.22	0.12	0.024	0.17	sex, year birth
	length	fmo l>fmt l		0.22	0.12	0.020	0.04	sex
	length	zyma l>izt l	IML	0.22	0.13	0.037	0.13	sex, deformation, year birth
	length	zyo l>izt l	XML	0.20	0.11	0.018	0.23	sex, deformation, year birth
	breadth	ju r>ju l	JUB	0.19	0.13	0.071	0.38	sex, year birth
	height	zyo l>zyma l		0.09	0.10	0.143	0.13	sex
	breadth	zymar>zyma l	ZMB	0.07	0.10	0.232	0.23	sex, year birth
	height	or l>zyma l		0.03	0.10	0.364	0.13	sex

A close approximation to the exact Howell's measurements (1973).