Table 2.

miRNA Regions Presenting Robust Signatures of Natural Selection

miRNA Regiona		Tajima's Db			Fu and Li's F∗b			Fay and Wu's Hb			Population Differentiation (FST) b
HUGO	Aliases	AFc	EUc	EASc	AF	EU	EAS	AF	EU	EAS	EU/AF	EAS/AF	EU/EAS
MIR216A	miR-216a									−4.502∗∗		0.352∗
MIR198	miR-198			−1.716∗			−2.948∗∗			−5.001∗∗			0.416∗
MIR148A	miR-148a									−4.862∗∗	0.373∗	0.497∗	0.278∗
MIR106B, MIR93, MIR25	miR-106b, miR-93, miR-25					−3.214∗∗			−2.993∗	−3.191∗
MIR183, MIR96	miR-183, miR-96			−1.759∗									0.284∗
MIR370d	miR-370									−5.530∗∗		0.402∗	0.329∗
MIR494d	miR-494								−3.814∗				0.402∗
MIR382,dMIR134d	miR-382, miR-134								−4.577∗				0.442∗∗

miRNAs in bold correspond to those in which SNPs have been identified in their hairpin structure (Table 1). The miRNA regions included in this table correspond to those that, after correction for both demographic models, kept rejecting neutrality for at least two independent tests of selection. These conservative criteria are intended to minimize the rate of false positive signatures of selection. The full list of miRNA regions rejecting neutrality for at least one neutrality test can be found in Table S5.

^amiRNAs in the same line are organized in clusters.

^bSignificant results after correction for demography: ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗ p < 0.01.

^cAF = Yoruba and Chagga from sub-Saharan Africa, EU = Danes from Europe, and EAS = Han Chinese from East Asia.

^dThe miRNAs contained in these regions are located in the so-called small-RNA-rich island on chromosome 14.