Table 1.
Y-SNP Haplogroup Colonization-Site Gradient Tests with Aggregate Scores for Phoenician Colonies, Neolithic Backgrounda, and Greek Colonies
| Tests | E3b | G | I | J∗(xJ2) | J2 | K2 | L | R1a | R1b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phoenician Test Sites | |||||||||
| Heartland versus Periphery | 0.574 | 0.986 | 0.012 | 1.000 | 0.011 | 0.137 | 0.0002 | 0.894 | 0.003 |
| −1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | |
| Homeland versus Levant | 0.968 | 0.833 | 0.260 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.188 | 0.0002 | 0.033 | 0.001 |
| −1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | |
| Cyprus versus S. Turkey | 0.249 | 1.0 | 0.337 | 0.963 | 0.150 | 0.586 | − | 0.957 | 0.973 |
| +1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | − | −1 | −1 | |
| S. Turkey versus N. Turkey | 0.278 | 0.860 | 0.794 | 0.233 | 0.449 | 0.541 | 1.000 | 0.194 | 0.417 |
| +1 | −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | |
| Lowland Crete versus Lasithi Plateau | 0.211 | 0.685 | 0.436 | 0.858 | 0.000 | 0.905 | − | 0.988 | 1.000 |
| +1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | − | −1 | −1 | |
| Crete versus Greece | 0.994 | 0.783 | 0.989 | 0.624 | 0.0003 | 0.338 | − | 0.897 | 0.145 |
| −1 | −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | − | −1 | +1 | |
| Malta versus Sicily | 1.000 | 0.561 | 0.434 | 1.000 | 0.016 | 1.000 | − | 0.083 | 0.653 |
| −1 | 0 | +1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | − | +1 | −1 | |
| W. Sicily versus E. Sicily | 0.962 | 0.035 | 0.0711 | 0.0893 | 0.973 | 0.814 | − | 0.666 | 0.131 |
| −1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | − | 0 | +1 | |
| Sicily versus S. Italy | 0.816 | 0.936 | 0.376 | 0.573 | 0.208 | 0.570 | − | 0.788 | 0.692 |
| −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | − | −1 | +1 | |
| S. Sardinia versus N. Sardinia | 0.736 | 0.935 | 0.123 | 0.141 | 0.206 | − | − | 0.677 | 0.561 |
| −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | − | − | +1 | −1 | |
| Ibiza versus Mallorca & Minorca | 0.846 | 0.046 | 0.956 | 1.000 | 0.842 | 0.000 | − | 1.000 | 0.941 |
| −1 | +1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | +1 | − | −1 | −1 | |
| S. Spain versus Valencia | 0.767 | 0.317 | 0.896 | 0.738 | 0.142 | 1.000 | − | 0.738 | 0.539 |
| −1 | +1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | − | −1 | +1 | |
| Contact Spain versus Iberia | 0.879 | 0.988 | 0.259 | 0.807 | 0.176 | 0.385 | − | 0.141 | 0.197 |
| −1 | −1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | − | +1 | +1 | |
| Coastal Tunisa versus Inland Tunisia | 0.890 | − | − | − | 0.0013 | 0.863 | − | 1.000 | 0.952 |
| −1 | − | − | − | +1 | −1 | − | −1 | −1 | |
| α = 0.05 | 1.000 | 0.135 | 0.486 | 1.000 | 3.3 × 10−5 | 0.486 | 0.0073 | 0.512 | 0.153 |
| α = 0.30 | 0.839 | 0.936 | 0.579 | 0.798 | 2.5 × 10−4 | 0.420 | 0.216 | 0.839 | 0.644 |
| Δf | 0.993 | 0.987 | 0.133 | 0.927 | 0.0287 | 0.290 | 0.5 | 0.910 | 0.395 |
| Control Test Sites | |||||||||
| Turkey #5 versus Turkey #3 | 0.555 | 0.691 | 0.421 | 0.794 | 0.275 | 0.421 | 1.000 | 0.148 | 0.557 |
| +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | |
| Turkey #8 versus Turkey #1 | 0.941 | 0.0252 | 0.866 | 0.987 | 0.982 | 0.366 | 0.601 | 0.750 | 0.315 |
| −1 | +1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | |
| Greece versus Albania | 0.578 | 0.655 | 0.988 | 0.944 | 0.735 | 0.605 | 0.605 | 0.499 | 0.157 |
| 0 | +1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | |
| Serbia versus Croatia | 0.013 | 0.724 | 1.000 | − | 0.022 | − | − | 0.484 | 0.181 |
| +1 | +1 | −1 | − | +1 | − | − | +1 | +1 | |
| Italy WCL versus Italy NWA | 0.058 | 0.760 | 0.553 | 0.580 | 0.036 | − | − | 0.963 | 0.990 |
| +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | − | − | −1 | −1 | |
| Italy WCP versus Italy CMA | 0.007 | 0.285 | 0.316 | 0.602 | 0.987 | − | − | 0.570 | 0.725 |
| +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | − | − | +1 | −1 | |
| Italy SLA versus Italy NEL | 0.999 | 0.671 | 0.458 | − | 0.121 | − | − | 0.471 | 0.617 |
| −1 | −1 | +1 | − | +1 | − | − | +1 | −1 | |
| Italy TLB versus Italy EBL | 0.257 | 0.244 | 0.999 | − | 0.034 | − | − | 0.840 | 0.960 |
| +1 | +1 | −1 | − | +1 | − | − | −1 | −1 | |
| S. Portugal versus N. Portugal | 0.998 | 0.377 | 0.601 | 0.031 | 0.223 | − | − | 0.246 | 0.583 |
| −1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | − | − | +1 | −1 | |
| S. Greece versus N. Greece | 0.229 | 0.511 | 0.071 | 0.974 | 0.418 | 0.694 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.3000 |
| +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | 0 | −1 | −1 | +1 | |
| S. Egypt versus N. Egypt | 0.984 | 0.164 | 0.402 | 0.153 | 0.931 | 0.176 | − | 1.000 | 0.409 |
| −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | − | −1 | +1 | |
| α = 0.05 | 0.102 | 0.432 | 0.432 | 0.337 | 0.015 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| α = 0.30 | 0.210 | 0.828 | 0.980 | 0.748 | 0.078 | 0.760 | 1.000 | 0.887 | 0.887 |
| Δf | 0.377 | 0.113 | 0.377 | 0.363 | 0.274 | 0.688 | 0.688 | 0.500 | 0.500 |
| Greek Test Sites | |||||||||
| Greece & Crete versus Turkey #7 | 0.1951 | 0.9264 | 0.0183 | 0.9865 | 0.4270 | 0.5180 | 1.0000 | 0.0513 | 0.5364 |
| +1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | |
| Greece & Crete versus Turkey #4 | 0.7091 | 0.6836 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.3777 | 0.1891 | 1.0000 | 0.4615 | 0.3583 |
| −1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | |
| E. Sicily versus Sardinia | 0.0002 | 0.9994 | 1.0000 | 0.0272 | 0.0000 | 0.0032 | − | 0.1462 | 0.5451 |
| +1 | −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | − | +1 | +1 | |
| E. Sicily versus W. Sicily | 0.0735 | 0.9904 | 0.9779 | 0.2649 | 0.0552 | 0.4294 | − | 0.6833 | 0.9271 |
| +1 | −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | − | −1 | −1 | |
| Greece & Crete versus Cyprus | 0.9410 | 0.0096 | 0.1852 | 0.9881 | 0.864 | 0.717 | − | 0.0184 | 0.0184 |
| −1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | − | +1 | +1 | |
| Greece & Crete versus S. Italy | 0.9967 | 0.9712 | 0.0815 | 0.9572 | 0.0110 | 0.493 | − | 0.0144 | 0.0144 |
| −1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | − | +1 | +1 | |
| Greece & Crete versus Spain | 0.2539 | 0.0937 | 0.00142 | 0.9252 | 0.000 | 0.0000 | − | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | − | +1 | +1 | |
| Turkey #8 & #9 versus Lebanon | 0.9967 | 0.0008 | 0.5830 | 1.0000 | 0.7884 | 0.906 | 0.97 | 0.1899 | 0.1899 |
| −1 | +1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | |
| Turkey #8 & #9 versus Palestinian | 0.9998 | 0.0218 | 0.3905 | 1.0000 | 0.0310 | 0.711 | 0.2133 | 0.0195 | 0.0195 |
| −1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | |
| Greece versus Lebanon | 0.1653 | 0.1351 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.979 | 0.788 | 1.0 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | |
| Greece versus Palestinians | 0.5177 | 0.3013 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.4529 | 0.602 | 1.0 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | |
| Crete versus Lebanon | 0.9908 | 0.6702 | 0.0044 | 1.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.312 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.0000 |
| −1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | −1 | +1 | |
| Crete versus Palestinians | 0.9993 | 0.8484 | 0.0043 | 1.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.142 | 1.0 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| −1 | −1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | |
| S. Italy versus Coastal Tunisia | 0.9358 | 0.0111 | 0.1771 | 0.1771 | 0.4996 | 0.7255 | − | 0.4253 | 0.0026 |
| −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | − | +1 | +1 | |
| Sicily versus Coastal Tunisia | 0.9889 | 0.0430 | 0.0597 | 0.1834 | 0.1989 | 0.6332 | − | 0.4672 | 0.0018 |
| −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | − | +1 | +1 | |
| α = 0.05 | 0.5367 | 0.0006 | 0.0000 | 0.5367 | 0.0000 | 0.1710 | 1.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| α = 0.30 | 0.7031 | 0.1311 | 0.0007 | 0.7031 | 0.0500 | 0.7031 | 0.9423 | 0.0037 | 0.0006 |
| Δf | 0.8491 | 0.5000 | 0.0176 | 0.9824 | 0.0037 | 0.1509 | 0.9961 | 0.0037 | 0.0005 |
a
Designated control.