TABLE 2.

Genetic disorders in innate immunity: associations with human diseases

Gene producta	Disease association	Reference(s)
TLRs
TLR2	Susceptibility to leprosy and tuberculosis	33, 167
TLR2	Protection from Lyme disease; susceptibility to staphylococcal disease and tuberculosis	217, 278, 326
TLR2	Increased severity of genital herpes	37
TLR3	Susceptibility to HSV encephalitis	400
TLR4	Susceptibility to infection with gram-negative bacteria, malaria, and RSV	4, 218, 255, 360
TLR4	Susceptibility to meningococcal sepsis	337
TLR4	Protection from Legionnaires' disease	116
TLR5	Susceptibility to Legionnaires' disease	117
TLR7	Protection from hepatic fibrosis in chronic HCV infection	325
TLR9	Susceptibility to SLE	361
TLR9	Rapid progression of HIV infection	36
TLR9	Increased risk of low birth wt in malaria during pregnancy	256
Signaling proteins
MyD88	Susceptibility to infection with pyogenic bacteria	376
Mal	Protection from invasive pneumococcal disease, malaria, and tuberculosis	185
IRAK1	Increased severity of sepsis	20
IRAK4	Susceptibility to infection with pyogenic bacteria	294
NEMO	EDA-ID; susceptibility to infection with pyogenic bacteria, mycobacteria, herpesviruses, fungi	78, 195, 282
IκBα	EDA-ID	62
IRF5	Increased risk of SLE	105, 183
NLRs
NOD2	Susceptibility to Crohn's disease	144, 277
NOD2	Blau syndrome, early-onset sarcoidosis	166
NOD2	Susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis	299
NALP1	Susceptibility to vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune diseases	160
NALP3	Periodic fever syndromes	86
Miscellaneous
CD14	Susceptibility to RSV bronchiolitis	147
UNC93B	Susceptibility to HSV encephalitis	52

^aIn cases where the same PRR gene product is listed repeatedly, each entry represents a different mutation/SNP.