TABLE 1.
Helicobacter species naturally colonizing the stomachs of animals and their pathogenic significance for humans
| Helicobacter species | Natural host (prevalence, %) | Associated with gastric disease in humans | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| H. suis | Pig (60-80 in slaughter pigs), macaque (NAb), mandrill monkey (NA) | Yes | 14, 42, 45, 167, 227, 230 |
| H. felis | Dog (47), cat (63), rabbit (2-9), cheetah (NAc) | Yes | 45, 134, 166, 227, 230, 231, 234 |
| H. bizzozeronii | Dog (70), cat (35) | Yes | 45, 92, 227, 230 |
| H. salomonis | Dog (9), cat (2), rabbit (0-4) | Yes | 45, 115, 227, 230 |
| “Candidatus Helicobacter heilmannii” | Dog (20-100), cat (20-100), wild felidae (NAc), nonhuman primates (66) | Yes | 166, 227, 230 |
| H. baculiformis | Cat (NA) | No | 15 |
| H. cynogastricus | Dog (NA) | No | 233 |
| “Candidatus Helicobacter bovis” | Cattle (NA) | Yes | 44, 45 |
| H. mustelae | Ferret (0-100) | No | 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 85 |
| H. aurati | Syrian hamster (50-100) | No | 177 |
| H. nemestrinaea | Macaque (NA) | No | 24 |
| H. acinonychis | Cheetah (low), tiger (NA) | No | 60, 224 |
| H. cetorum | Whales (NA), dolphins (NA) | No | 97 |
| H. muridarum | Mice (0-62) | No | 86, 136, 183 |
a
Later heterotypic synonym of H. pylori (219).
b
NA, not available.
c
Terio et al. (224) and Mörner et al. (155) found the gastric mucosa of 75% of cheetahs and 68% of free-ranging lynx to be colonized with “pet carnivore-associated” helicobacters. Those studies do not allow differentiation between H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, H. salomonis, H. baculiformis, H. cynogastricus, and “Candidatus Helicobacter heilmannii”.