Column tree showing the four levels (c1–c4) of chromatography steps used to fractionate P. furiosus cytoplasmic proteins. The cytoplasmic proteins were fractionated using DEAE Fast Flow anion exchange chromatography as the first step (c1). Fractions from the first column were selected and combined to generate 15 pools that were fractionated through subsequent second (c2) and, for some control proteins, third (c3) and fourth (c4) level columns. The chromatography steps included hydroxyapatite (HAP), phenyl-Sepharose (PS), Superdex 200 (SX200), and blue Sepharose (BS), and these are indicated.