. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Apr 13.

Published in final edited form as: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005 Jul 5;16(6):637–658. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.05.008

Table 4.

Overview of known modifications of chemokine receptors and the reported effects

Modification	Site	Receptor	Effect^a
Ubiquitination	Intra Lys	CXCR4	Lysosomal degradation
Palmitoylation	Intra Cys	CCR5	Life span; trafficking; signaling; raft association; endocytosis
N-glycosylation	Extra Asn^b	CCR2B, CXCR2, CXCR4, D6, DARC	Binding; surface expression; HIV/protease protection
O-glycosylation	Ser/Thr	CCR5	Binding
Sulfation	Extra Tyr	CCR2B, CCR5, CXCR4, CX₃CR1, D6	Binding; signaling; HIV co-receptor activity
	Non-Tyr	CXCR4	Not determined

Intra: intracellular location; Extra: extracellular location.

Effect reported for at least one of the chemokine receptors, for more details see Tables 5–7.

N-glycosylation on Asn located within a consensus site Asn-Xxx-Ser/Thr with Xxx any residue except Pro.