Table 2.
The DMARD profile in selected clinical cohorts and clinical databases, according to the time period
| Country | Register or cohort, [reference] | Study period | Percentage of patients taking selected DMARDs | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IM gold (%) | AM (%) | SSZ (%) | MTX (%) | Biol (%) | Other DMARD (%) | No DMARD (%) | ||||
| 1970s | ||||||||||
| UK | Bath, Rasker et al. [86] | 15-yr follow-up | 35 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | Na | Ever used |
| USA | Nashville, TN, Pincus et al. [3] | 1973 | 60 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Na | Na | Ever used |
| 1980s | ||||||||||
| Norway | Tromsø, Riise et al. [87] | Year of diagnosis 1979–1987 | 40 | 39 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 45 | Na | % of started DMARDs |
| USA | Nashville, TN, Pincus et al. [41] | 1985 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 9 | 66 | 100% |
| UK | GPRD database, Edwards et al. [88] | 1987 | 13 | 0 | 32 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 39 | 100% |
| Finland | Jyväskylä Cohort 1983–1985, Sokka et al. [46] | 1988–1990 | 19 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 0 | 30 | 23 | 100% |
| NL | Leiden, van Schaardenburg et al. [89] | 1989–1990 | 25 | 63 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | Na | Ever used |
| Early 1990s | ||||||||||
| Norway | Tromsø, Riise et al. [87] | Year of diagnosis 1988–1996 | 12 | 29 | 24 | 40 | 0 | 48 | Na | % of started DMARDs |
| Japan | Tokushima, Hamada et al. [90] | Enrollment 1980–1990 | 41 | 0 | 17 | 22 | 0 | >63 | 0 | aEver used |
| Finland | Jyväskylä Cohort 1988–1999, Sokka et al. [46] | 1993–1994 | 24 | 0 | 15 | 18 | 0 | 14 | 29 | 100% |
| Late 1990s | ||||||||||
| Finland | Heinola, Jäntti et al. [65] | 1995–1996 | 16 | 13 | 19 | 12 | 0 | 40 | 100 | |
| UK | London, Gordon et al. [91] | 1996 | 18 | 12 | 15 | 36 | 0 | 8 | 11 | 100% |
| Norway | Oslo RA register, Kvien [92] | 1996–1997 | 47 | 35 | 35 | 49 | 0 | Na | 18 | Ever used |
| Sweden | Malmö RA register, Söderlin et al. [93] | 1997 | Na | Na | Na | 24 | 0 | 28 | 48 | 100% |
| USA | Western Consortium, Paulus et al. [80] | 1995–1998 | 0 | 31 | 12 | 57 | 0 | Na | Na | 100% |
| Sweden | BARFOT, Forslind et al. [81] | 1997 | Na | Na | 15 | 33 | 0 | 19 | 33 | 100% |
| UK | Bath, Minaur et al. [62] | 40-year follow-up | 46 | 70 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 34 | 20 | Ever used |
| Sweden | Lund, Eberherdt et al. [94], Lindqvist et al. [95] | 1999 | 5 | 26 | 11 | 15 | 0 | 43 | 25 | Ever used |
| Lithuania | Vilnius, Dadoniene et al. [96] | 1999 | 28 | 50 | 49 | 36 | 0 | 35 | 6 | Ever used |
| Spain | EMECAR, Gonzalez-Alvaro [97] | 1999–2000 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 32 | 0 | b28 | 23 | 100% |
| Early 2000s | ||||||||||
| USA | Nashville, TN, Pincus et al. [41] | 2000 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 73 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 100% |
| USA | ERATER Sokka and Pincus [69] | 2001 | 0 | 16 | 4 | 89 | 14 | 22 | Na | Ever used |
| Finland | Jyvaskyla, Cohort 1995–1996, Sokka et al. [46] | 2000–2001 | 7 | 2 | 10 | 69 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 100% |
| Germany | National database, Thiele et al. [98] | c2001 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 56 | 4 | 17 | 9 | 100% |
| Norway | Norwegian DMARD register, Kvien et al. [99] | 2001 | Na | Na | 24 | 38 | 10 | 28 | – | 100% |
| Sweden | Malmö RA register, Söderlin et al. [93] | 2002 | Na | Na | Na | 44 | 14 | 11 | 31 | 100% |
| UK | GPRD database, Edwards et al. [88] | 2002 | 2 | 8 | 26 | 30 | 0 | 2 | 32 | 100% |
| Norway | Norwegian DMARD register, Kvien et al. [99] | 2004 | Na | Na | 8 | 69 | 13 | 10 | – | 100% |
| Late 2000s | ||||||||||
| Japan | IORRA, Yamanaka et al. [100] | 2006 | Na | Na | Na | 59 | 3 | 27 | 11 | 100% |
| UAE | Dubai, Badsha et al. [101] | 2006 | Na | Na | Na | 29 | 2 | 11 | 58 | 100% |
IM gold intramuscular gold, AM antimalarials, SSZ sulfasalazine, MTX methotrexate, boil biological agents, Na not available, NL The Netherlands, GPRD Genaral Practice Research Database
aEver used by those who continued DMARD treatment for 10 years
bIncludes 21% combinations
c“MTX” includes combinations with MTX, and “biol” includes combinations with biological agents “ever used”