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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Dec 7;122(1):76–85. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.11.028

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Alcohol extracts of Echinacea inhibit production of TNF-α by LPS-stimulated macrophages. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated in vitro for 23 h in the presence of indicated Echinacea extracts 100 μg/ml plus different concentrations of LPS (A), or incubated with different concentrations of Echinacea extracts (0–200 μg/ml) in the presence of 0.1μg/ml LPS (B). Culture supernates were assayed for TNF-α by ELISA(A and B (solid lines)). The attached cells were evaluated for cell viability by MTS assay (B (dashed lines)). The data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean of 3 independent experiments performed in triplicate. *P<0.001 vs the vehicle control at the same concentration of LPS.