Table 1.

Effect of mutations on the modulatory effect of surfactants

Agent	GABAA Wild Type	GABAA Mutant	Glycine Wild Type	Glycine Mutant	NMDA Wild Type	NMDA Mutant
Isoflurane	42 ± 5	9.5 ± 8*	355 ± 38	240 ± 16*	−12 ± 4	1 ± 2*
Ethanol	20 ± 7	−9 ± 3*	353 ± 50	180 ± 17*	−59 ± 3	−41 ± 4*
SDS	59 ± 12	2 ± 28*	−70 ± 4	−33 ± 8*	−18 ± 6	−15 ± 5
DAPS	7 ± 3	39 ± 5†	284 ± 35	128 ± 23*	17 ± 4	−4 ± 4*
DTACL	26 ± 6	16 ± 4	96 ± 30	70 ± 16	−31 ± 3	−8 ± 4*
Dodecanol	6 ± 2	17 ± 2†	164 ± 33	178 ± 38	−13 ± 4	−47 ± 11†
SOS	34 ± 5	4 ± 3*	243 ± 38	142 ± 6*	−27 ± 4	−18 ± 5
OTABR	8 ± 1	7 ± 2	419 ± 59	170 ± 26*	−11 ± 2	−42 ± 9†
Octanol	11 ± 4	34 ± 5†	174 ± 40	175 ± 67	−20 ± 6	−45 ± 7†

Data are displayed as changes in current compared to agonist alone (percent ± SE)

^*indicates that the mutation significantly decreases the modulatory effect of the surfactant compared to the wild type receptor (p < 0.05). † indicates that the mutation significantly increases the modulatory effect of the surfactant compared to the wild type receptor (p < 0.05).

^†indicates that the mutation significantly increases the modulatory effect of the surfactant compared to the wild type receptor (p < 0.05).

The GABA_A wild type receptor is α1β₂γ_2s. The mutant GABA_a receptor contains an S267I mutation in the α₁ subunit. The glycine wild type receptor is homomeric α₁. The mutant glycine receptor contains an S267I mutation in the α₁ subunit. The NMDA wild type receptor is NR1/NR2A. The mutant NMDA receptor contains an F639A mutation in the NR1 subunit.

Isoflurane was applied at 0.3mM. Ethanol was applied at 200 mM. All other agents were at 5 micromolar.

SDS = sodium dodecyl sulfate

DAPS = 3-(dodecyldimethylammonio)propanesulfonate

DTACL = (1dodecyl)trimethylammonium chloride

SOS = sodium n-octyl sulfate

OTABR = (1-octyl)trimethylammonium bromide