Table.
Baseline demographic, genetic, biochemical, and radiographic characteristics for cohort as a whole, then dichotomized by blood-brain barrier integrity
| AD, n = 36 | BBB impairment,* n = 8 | BBB intact,† n = 28 | p Value‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 71 (7) | 73 (8) | 70 (7) | 0.285 |
| Female, (%) | 12 (33) | 1 (13) | 11 (39) | 0.165 |
| APOE ε4 carriers, (%) | 27 (75) | 6 (75) | 21 (75) | 1.0 |
| APOE ε4 non-carriers, (%) | 9 (25) | 2 (25) | 7 (25) | 1.0 |
| BP systolic, mm Hg | 142.4 (23.3) | 136.7 (30.0) | 143.3 (21.3) | 0.490 |
| BP diastolic, mm Hg | 77.00 (11.7) | 76.3 (7.8) | 78.7 (13.4) | 0.690 |
| BMI | 26.7 (4.4) | 29.1 (5.5) | 26.2 (4.2) | 0.108 |
| MMSE | 20 (5) | 18 (5) | 20 (5) | 0.494 |
| CDR | 0.8 (0.2) | 1.0 (0) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.048§ |
| CDR sum of boxes | 5.7 (1.4) | 6.3 (1.3) | 5.6 (1.4) | 0.229 |
| CSF-albumin index | 7.2 (3.7) | 12.9 (3.3) | 5.6 (1.7) | <0.0001§ |
| Albumin, CSF, μM | 29.2 (15.2) | 53.1 (14.8) | 22.5 (6.5) | <0.0001§ |
| Albumin, serum, μM | 4,032 (359.0) | 4,075 (166.8) | 4,020 (398.9) | 0.712 |
| CSF IgG index | 0.461 (0.0599) | 0.500 (0.0535) | 0.450 (0.0577) | 0.035§ |
| IgG, CSF, μM | 3.2 (2.0) | 6.1 (2.4) | 2.4 (0.8) | <0.0001§ |
| IgG, serum, μM | 949.0 (213.1) | 939.3 (271.9) | 951.4 (199.1) | 0.889 |
| Intracranial volume, cm3 | 1,285.98 (145.07) | 1,298.93 (132.08) | 1,282.28 (150.64) | 0.779 |
| Ventricle volume, cm3 | 63.3 (26.4) | 87.5 (27.3) | 58.1 (23.5) | 0.005§ |
| Hippocampus volume, cm3 | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.17 (0.2) | 0.433 |
| Temporal lobe volume, cm3 | 112.5 (20.2) | 110.9 (20.2) | 113.2 (21.1) | 0.794 |
| Total brain volume, cm3 | 925.7 (129.0) | 908.0 (102.3) | 930.7 (136.9) | 0.667 |
| WMH, cm3 | 10.3 (13.8) | 9.7 (7.2) | 8.6 (8.5) | 0.741 |
| Hachinski ischemia score | 0.6 (0.9) | 1.0 (1.3) | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.200 |
Categorical data (APOE status, gender) expressed as number (%); continuous variables expressed as mean (SD).
*
CSF albumin index ≥ 9.0.
†
CSF albumin index < 9.0.
‡
Comparison of means between groups (BBB impairment vs BBB intact).
§
Statistical significance.
AD = Alzheimer disease; BBB = blood-brain barrier; BP = blood pressure; BMI = body mass index; CDR = Clinical Dementia Rating; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; WMH = white matter hyperintensities.