Table 3.
Clinical events in the overall population and homocysteine quintiles
| Factor | All patients | Homocysteine subgroups (quintiles)—range (μmol/L) |
P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) or n(%) | I (1.7–9.8) | II (9.9–12.5) | III (12.6–14.8) | IV (14.9–19.1) | V (19.2–92.3) | ||
| Length of stay | |||||||
| Time on ventilator (h) | 12 (9–20) | 11 (7–15) | 11.5 (8–16) | 12 (10–24) | 13 (10–20) | 16 (11–38) | 0.004 |
| ICU stay (days) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–6) | 0.004 |
| Hospital stay/days) | 7 (1–11) | 7 (1–10) | 8 (1–12) | 7 (1–10) | 7 (1–10) | 8 (1–12) | 0.924 |
| In-hospital events | |||||||
| Death | 18 (3.4) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 5 (5) | 7 (6) | 0.073 |
| Mediastinitis | 6 (1.1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.972 |
| Peak serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1 (0.8–1.3) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 0.001 |
| Acute renal failure | 23 (3.8) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | 4 (4) | 3 (3) | 12 (11) | 0.016 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 27 (5.1) | 6 (6) | 6 (6) | 4 (4) | 3 (3) | 8 (7) | 0.870 |
| Ventricular arrhythmias | 3 (0.6) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.836 |
| Pneumonia | 4 (0.8) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.287 |
| Sepsis | 9 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | 3 (3) | 3 (3) | 0.522 |
| Stroke | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 0.381 |
| Re-operation for bleeding | 9 (1.7) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | 0.652 |
| Bleeding >1000 mL | 29 (5.5) | 6 (6) | 4 (4) | 5 (5) | 4 (4) | 10 (9) | 0.128 |
| Allogeneic transfusions | 105 (19.8) | 15 (14) | 13 (12) | 20 (19) | 19 (18) | 38 (35) | 0.001 |
| Low output syndrome | 70 (13.2) | 7 (7) | 9 (8) | 17 (16) | 10 (9) | 27 (25) | 0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 7 (1.3) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.893 |
| Lung dysfunction | 8 (1.6) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.675 |
| Mesenteric infarction | 5 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | 0.087 |
| Any thrombo-embolic event | 16 (3.0) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 8 (8) | 0.052 |
| Major morbiditya | |||||||
| Overall patients | 34 (6.4) | 3 (3) | 4 (4) | 7 (7) | 4 (4) | 16 (15) | 0.007 |
| CABG patients (n=332) | 24 (7.1) | 2 (3.4) | 2 (2.9) | 5 (6.7) | 3 (5.2) | 12 (16) | 0.012 |
| Non-CABG patients (n=199) | 10 (5.2) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (5.4) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (2.2) | 4 (12.1) | 0.438 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.
aDefined as the presence of any one of the following: need for re-operation, sternal wound infection, permanent stroke, renal failure, and/or prolonged ventilation (defined as >48 h).