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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Apr 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2009 Feb 13;109(2):551–561. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05989.x

Figure 7. Glutaminase release from human MDM mitochondria in vitro.

Figure 7

Human MDM were infected with HIV-1ADA for seven days in culture. (A) Cells were collected and separated into mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. Fractions were analyzed by Western blotting for GAC, VDAC and β-actin. VDAC and β-actin were used as loading controls for mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions, respectively. B-C, Levels of GAC in mitochondria (B) and cytosol (C) were normalized as a ratio to VDAC or β-actin after densimetrical quantification and shown as percentage of control. In panel D, Protein from equal volumes (30 ml) of conditioned-medium from cultures control or HIV-infected MDM were precipitated using TCA. GAC levels in the precipitated protein were determined by Western blotting. Results are representative of 3 different donors. Quantification results were shown as average ± SEM in experiments performed with MDM from 4 different donors. *denotes p < 0.05 compared with control. ** indicates p < 0.01 compared with control.