Table 1. Clinical characteristics of participants by sex.
A) Mean measurements. B) Percentage of participants with various characteristics.
| MALE, MEAN (SD) | FEMALE, MEAN (SD) | TOTAL, MEAN (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CHARACTERISTICS | N = 254 | N = 489 | N = 743 |
| A) | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 33.8 (11.2) | 34.1 (8.4) | 34.0 (9.4) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 110.8 (13.1) | 111.4 (13.7) | 111.2 (10.3) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 133.6 (17.4) | 130.8 (18.4) | 131.7 (18.0) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 79.3 (10.5) | 76.0 (10.1) | 77.1 (10.3) |
| MAP, mm Hg | 97.4 (11.5) | 94.2 (11.1) | 95.3 (11.3) |
| HbA1c, % | 8.3 (2.1) | 8.2 (2.0) | 8.2 (2.0) |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.52 (1.4) | 5.40 (1.1) | 5.44 (1.2) |
| B) | MALE, % (95% CI) | FEMALE, % (95% CI) | TOTAL, % (95% CI) |
| CHARACTERISTICS | N = 254 | N = 489 | N = 743 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| • % normal BMI (18.5–24.9) | 12 (2.6–22.2) | 11 (3.4–18.2) | 11 (4.5–18.1) |
| • % overweight (25–29.9) | 29 (20.7–37.5) | 22 (15.4–29.0) | 25 (18.3–30.9) |
| • % obese (> 30) | 59* (52.6–64.4) | 67* (62.9–71.1) | 64 (59.8–68.4) |
| Waist circumference, cm | |||
| • % with abnormal waist circumference (> 102 for men; > 88 for women) | 76* (69.4–81.6) | 95* (93.0–97.0) | 88 (86.0–90.9) |
| MAP, mm Hg | |||
| • % with hypertension (> 130/80) | 68* (62.0–73.0) | 57* (52.9–61.9) | 61 (56.3–65.3) |
| Foot risk category | |||
| • % with no abnormality (0) | 55* (50.2–60.6) | 67* (60.7–68.9) | 63 (59.5–66.3) |
| • % at low risk (1) | 18 (10.1–26.5) | 14 (8.4–18.6) | 15 (9.5–20.7) |
| • % at moderate risk (2) | 16 (8.0–24.6) | 16 (11.0–21.4) | 16 (10.6–21.8) |
| • % at high risk (3) | 10* (2.2–17.8) | 4* (0–7.0) | 6 (0.5–10.9) |
| HbA1c, % | |||
| • % with optimal HbA1c (< 7) | 30 (21.1–39.7) | 30 (23.8–36.6) | 30 (25.2–35.2) |
| • % with inadequate HbA1c (> 8.4) | 44 (35.8–52.2) | 42 (36.4–48.0) | 43 (38.3–47.1) |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | |||
| • % with high cholesterol (> 5.2) | 58 (50.7–64.8) | 58 (52.9–62.4) | 58 (53.9–61.3) |
| • % with abnormal ratio (> 2 for men; > 2.8 for women) | 49* (41.1–56.6) | 33* (26.9–39.5) | 39 (34.3–43.5) |
| Other | |||
| • % with proteinuria | 20* (9.6–29.4) | 10* (2.7–17.7) | 13 (7.6–19.2) |
| • % with retinopathy | 40* (19.3–32.5) | 26* (19.3–32.5) | 31 (25.8–35.8) |
BMI—body mass index, CI—confidence interval, HbA1c—glycated hemoglobin A1c, MAP—mean arterial pressure.
*
Significant sex difference (P < .05).