Table 5.
Odds Ratios (OR) of Lifetime DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders by Sex
| Psychiatric Disorder | Odds Ratios Controlled for Sociodemographic Characteristics |
Odds Ratios Controlled for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total OR (99% CI) | Men OR (99% CI) | Women OR (99% CI) | Total OR (99% CI) | Men OR (99% CI) | Women OR (99% CI) | |
| Any substance use disorder | 2.1 (1.82–2.48) | 2.2 (1.70–2.81) | 2.1 (1.71–2.56) | 1.3 (1.10–1.53) | 1.4 (1.10–1.83) | 1.2 (0.94–1.46) |
| Any substance abuse | 1.5 (1.26–1.76) | 1.5 (1.18–1.80) | 1.5 (1.21–1.97) | 1.1 (0.93–1.32) | 1.1 (0.92–1.42) | 1.1 (0.82–1.36) |
| Any substance dependence | 2.4 (2.03–2.78) | 2.4 (1.91–2.88) | 2.5 (1.91–3.24) | 1.2 (0.99–1.45) | 1.3 (0.99–1.60) | 1.2 (0.83–1.61) |
| Any alcohol use disorder | 1.9 (1.62–2.20) | 1.9 (1.54–2.36) | 1.9 (1.50–2.30) | 1.1 (0.92–1.34) | 1.2 (0.90–1.47) | 1.1 (0.80–1.41) |
| Alcohol abuse | 1.1 (0.89–1.26) | 1.0 (0.82–1.26) | 1.1 (0.86–1.46) | 1.1 (0.90–1.37) | 1.2 (0.89–1.52) | 1.0 (0.74–1.37) |
| Alcohol dependence | 2.2 (1.86–2.57) | 2.2 (1.74–2.65) | 2.3 (1.76–3.08) | 1.1 (0.88–1.40) | 1.1 (0.85–1.54) | 1.1 (0.77–1.65) |
| Any drug use disorder | 2.4 (2.03–2.82) | 2.5 (2.02–3.05) | 2.3 (1.65–3.10) | 1.2 (0.94–1.40) | 1.2 (0.95–1.58) | 1.0 (0.71–1.51) |
| Any drug abuse | 2.0 (1.63–2.36) | 2.0 (1.57–2.47) | 2.0 (1.36–2.83) | 1.0 (0.84–1.26) | 1.0 (0.78–1.33) | 1.1 (0.71–1.58) |
| Any drug dependence | 3.7 (2.84–4.77) | 4.1 (3.04–5.62) | 3.0 (1.96–4.51) | 1.3 (0.97–1.83) | 1.6 (1.11–2.38) | 0.9 (0.57–1.50) |
| Nicotine dependence | 1.9 (1.60–2.13) | 1.9 (1.53–2.28) | 1.8 (1.46–2.30) | 1.1 (0.88–1.26) | 1.1 (0.87–1.41) | 1.0 (0.76–1.28) |
| Any mood disorder | 3.2 (2.77–3.76) | 3.3 (2.64–4.03) | 3.2 (2.63–3.85) | 1.3 (1.07–1.51) | 1.3 (1.03–1.68) | 1.2 (0.97–1.59) |
| Major depressive disorder | 1.5 (1.26–1.76) | 1.7 (1.28–2.12) | 1.4 (1.10–1.67) | 0.9 (0.75–1.07) | 1.0 (0.72–1.27) | 0.8 (0.65–1.07) |
| Dysthymia | 1.3 (0.98–1.82) | 1.3 (0.80–2.26) | 1.4 (0.90–2.05) | 0.6 (0.41–0.78) | 0.6 (0.32–0.98) | 0.6 (0.38–0.91) |
| Bipolar I | 5.2 (4.24–6.27) | 5.4 (3.98–7.37) | 4.9 (3.81–6.40) | 1.9 (1.47–2.34) | 2.0 (1.39–2.82) | 1.8 (1.28–2.45) |
| Bipolar II | 2.6 (1.81–3.62) | 2.0 (1.10–3.74) | 3.1 (2.04–4.70) | 1.3 (0.91–1.93) | 1.0 (0.55–1.93) | 1.7 (1.03–2.64) |
| Any anxiety disorder | 3.6 (3.08–4.14) | 3.5 (2.82–4.35) | 3.6 (2.93–4.49) | 1.7 (1.43–2.04) | 1.7 (1.35–2.22) | 1.7 (1.30–2.14) |
| Panic with agoraphobia | 4.2 (2.93–6.14) | 3.6 (1.69–7.51) | 4.9 (3.26–7.25) | 1.3 (0.85–1.94) | 1.0 (0.42–2.22) | 1.5 (0.97–2.38) |
| Panic without agoraphobia | 2.4 (1.95–3.05) | 2.7 (1.90–3.71) | 2.3 (1.68–3.12) | 1.1 (0.84–1.40) | 1.1 (0.76–1.67) | 1.1 (0.75–1.51) |
| Social phobia | 2.8 (2.24–3.37) | 2.6 (1.94–3.58) | 2.9 (2.15–3.94) | 0.9 (0.72–1.12) | 0.9 (0.63–1.24) | 0.9 (0.68–1.26) |
| Specific phobia | 2.5 (2.07–2.91) | 2.3 (1.77–3.09) | 2.6 (2.09–3.16) | 1.2 (0.98–1.46) | 1.1 (0.80–1.56) | 1.3 (1.01–1.61) |
| Generalized anxiety | 3.8 (3.15–4.64) | 3.8 (2.84–5.20) | 3.9 (3.04–5.10) | 1.4 (1.11–1.74) | 1.4 (0.97–1.92) | 1.4 (1.05–1.94) |
| Posttraumatic stress | 4.2 (3.43–5.04) | 4.8 (3.64–6.34) | 3.7 (2.96–4.72) | 1.9 (1.53–2.36) | 2.2 (1.63–3.07) | 1.7 (1.30–2.15) |
| Any other personality disorder | 8.0 (6.87–9.42) | 7.1 (5.71–8.84) | 9.6 (7.60–12.03) | 5.5 (4.66–6.55) | 4.8 (3.85–5.95) | 6.7 (5.20–8.74) |
| Any Cluster A | 7.2 (6.06–8.65) | 6.9 (5.42–8.80) | 7.6 (5.92–9.68) | 2.7 (2.18–3.43) | 2.7 (2.01–3.64) | 2.7 (1.94–3.76) |
| Paranoid | 4.1 (3.16–5.30) | 4.3 (2.93–6.43) | 3.8 (2.84–5.10) | 1.2 (0.91–1.57) | 1.4 (0.91–2.08) | 1.0 (0.72–1.42) |
| Schizoid | 2.9 (2.17–3.79) | 2.8 (1.84–4.32) | 2.9 (1.94–4.27) | 0.9 (0.64–1.16) | 0.9 (0.55–1.37) | 0.8 (0.55–1.26) |
| Schizotypal | 13.7 (11.29–16.71) | 12.1 (9.16–16.00) | 15.9 (12.11–20.98) | 5.5 (4.38–6.88) | 5.2 (3.71–7.16) | 5.9 (4.35–8.03) |
| Any other Cluster B | 9.2 (7.78–10.79) | 7.7 (6.11–9.66) | 12.0 (9.48–15.09) | 4.2 (3.42–5.15) | 3.5 (2.67–4.61) | 5.5 (4.13–7.43) |
| Antisocial | 3.0 (2.30–3.92) | 2.7 (1.99–3.69) | 4.0 (2.53–6.16) | 1.2 (0.90–1.61) | 1.1 (0.80–1.55) | 1.5 (0.93–2.36) |
| Borderline | 14.5 (12.15–17.40) | 14.6 (11.05–19.21) | 15.3 (11.92–19.52) | 6.8 (5.52–8.47) | 7.0 (5.10–9.73) | 7.0 (5.18–9.43) |
| Histrionic | 6.6 (4.91–8.81) | 7.7 (5.19–11.28) | 5.4 (3.48–8.26) | 2.1 (1.51–2.80) | 2.5 (1.66–3.72) | 1.6 (1.01–2.59) |
| Any Cluster C | 3.5 (2.88–4.24) | 3.4 (2.63–4.51) | 3.6 (2.75–4.65) | 1.2 (0.92–1.51) | 1.2 (0.88–1.71) | 1.1 (0.79–1.65) |
| Avoidant | 3.5 (2.50–4.78) | 3.2 (1.90–5.46) | 3.8 (2.57–5.67) | 0.9 (0.66–1.29) | 0.9 (0.51–1.55) | 1.0 (0.64–1.49) |
| Dependent | 5.0 (2.66–9.29) | 6.4 (2.44–16.66) | 4.1 (1.82–9.13) | 1.2 (0.61–2.26) | 1.5 (0.54–4.11) | 0.9 (0.41–2.06) |
| Obsessive–compulsive | 3.5 (2.86–4.35) | 3.6 (2.70–4.77) | 3.5 (2.58–4.62) | 1.4 (1.07–1.77) | 1.5 (1.08–2.08) | 1.2 (0.88–1.76) |
Note: Estimates in boldface are statistically significant (p < 0.01).