Table 1.
Twelve-Month Percentage Distributions and Odds Ratios (OR) of Sociodemographic Characteristics by Pregnancy Status
| Characteristic | Non-Pregnant Women (N=13,025) |
Past Year Pregnant Women (N=1,524) |
OR (CI) | Postpartum Women (N=994) |
OR (CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | |||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 67.0 | (1.9) | 57.2 | (2.4) | 1.0 | 55.5 | (2.8) | 1.0 |
| Black | 13.2 | (0.8) | 14.2 | (1.2) | 1.25 (1.04–1.51) | 14.4 | (1.4) | 1.32 (1.08–1.61) |
| Native American | 2.1 | (0.2) | 2.8 | (0.6) | 1.57 (0.96–2.57) | 2.8 | (0.7) | 1.63 (0.94–2.82) |
| Asian | 4.9 | (0.6) | 6.1 | (1.0) | 1.47 (1.06–2.02) | 5.5 | (0.9) | 1.35 (0.92–1.97) |
| Hispanic | 12.9 | (1.4) | 19.7 | (2.5) | 1.80 (1.48–2.18) | 21.8 | (3.0) | 2.05 (1.61–2.60) |
| Nativity | ||||||||
| US-born | 84.8 | (1.5) | 80.0 | (2.2) | 1.0 | 78.4 | (2.6) | 1.0 |
| Foreign-born | 15.2 | (1.5) | 20.0 | (2.2) | 1.39 (1.19–1.62) | 21.6 | (2.6) | 1.54 (1.27–1.86) |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 18–25 | 21.0 | (0.5) | 38.0 | (1.8) | 2.30 (1.96–2.69) | 36.1 | (2.2) | 2.13 (1.75–2.59) |
| 26–50 | 79.0 | (0.5) | 62.1 | (1.8) | 1.0 | 63.9 | (2.2) | 1.0 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married/cohabiting | 59.6 | (0.7) | 76.2 | (1.5) | 1.0 | 75.4 | (1.9) | 1.0 |
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 13.4 | (0.4) | 4.7 | (0.6) | 0.27 (0.21–0.36) | 5.9 | (0.9) | 0.35 (0.25–0.49) |
| Never married | 27.0 | (0.7) | 19.2 | (1.4) | 0.55 (0.45–0.68) | 18.7 | (1.8) | 0.55 (0.42–0.71) |
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 11.2 | (0.7) | 17.1 | (1.3) | 1.0 | 18.6 | (1.7) | 1.0 |
| High school | 27.0 | (0.6) | 26.3 | (1.3) | 0.64 (0.53–0.77) | 24.9 | (1.6) | 0.55 (0.44–0.71) |
| College or higher | 61.9 | (0.8) | 56.6 | (1.7) | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | 56.5 | (2.1) | 0.55 (0.44–0.68) |
| Personal Annual income, $ | ||||||||
| 0–19999 | 56.1 | (0.8) | 69.8 | (1.5) | 1.0 | 72.9 | (1.6) | 1.0 |
| 20000–34999 | 22.6 | (0.5) | 16.9 | (1.2) | 0.60 (0.51–0.72) | 15.5 | (1.4) | 0.53 (0.43–0.66) |
| 35000–69999 | 17.5 | (0.6) | 10.3 | (1.0) | 0.47 (0.39–0.58) | 8.7 | (1.0) | 0.38 (0.30–0.50) |
| 70000 | 3.7 | (0.3) | 3.0 | (0.5) | 0.63 (0.44–0.91) | 2.9 | (0.6) | 0.59 (0.38–0.93) |
| Urbanicity | ||||||||
| Rural | 62.7 | (2.6) | 58.5 | (3.3) | 1.19 (1.00–1.42) | 40.1 | (3.4) | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) |
| Urban | 37.3 | (2.6) | 41.5 | (3.3) | 1.0 | 59.9 | (3.4) | 1.0 |
| Region | ||||||||
| Northwest | 19.6 | (3.5) | 18.5 | (3.9) | 0.87 (0.69–1.11) | 17.1 | (3.9) | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) |
| Midwest | 22.9 | (3.4) | 23.1 | (3.7) | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) | 24.1 | (3.8) | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) |
| South | 35.2 | (3.5) | 34.3 | (3.8) | 0.89 (0.74–1.09) | 35.3 | (4.1) | 0.95 (0.76–1.19) |
| West | 22.3 | (3.7) | 24.1 | (4.4) | 1.0 | 23.5 | (4.5) | 1.0 |
| Parity | ||||||||
| Nullipara | 32.9 | (0.7) | 17.8 | (1.3) | 0.44 (0.36–0.53) | 100 | (0.0) | -- |
| Multipara a | 67.1 | (0.7) | 82.3 | (1.3) | 1.0 | 0 | (0.0) | -- |
| Insurance | ||||||||
| Private | 68.8 | (1.0) | 57.2 | (1.9) | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) | 55.4 | (2.3) | 0.80 (0.64–1.01) |
| Public | 8.5 | (0.4) | 21.6 | (1.5) | 2.72 (2.20–3.37) | 21.9 | (1.7) | 2.58 (1.99–3.33) |
| None | 22.8 | (0.8) | 21.3 | (1.5) | 1.0 | 22.8 | (2.0) | 1.0 |
| Overall Health | ||||||||
| Overall Health (Good, very good, or excellent) | 89.6 | (0.4) | 94.3 | (0.7) | 1.92 (1.49–2.46) | 94.3 | (0.9) | 1.93 (1.39–2.69) |
| Stressful Life Events | ||||||||
| Mean # of Stressful Life events | 1.8 | (0.0) | 2.0 | (0.1) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 2.1 | (0.1) | 1.11 (1.06–1.17) |
| Break up of romantic relationship/Separation/divo rce in the last 12 months | 8.2 | (0.3) | 8.8 | (0.8) | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 9.6 | (1.1) | 1.19 (0.91–1.55) |
| History of trauma/victimization in the last 12 months | 4.6 | (0.2) | 5.3 | (0.6) | 1.18 (0.92–1.53) | 4.7 | (0.7) | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) |
Abbreviations: SE, Standard Error; OR, Odds Ratio; CI, 95% confidence interval.
a
one ore more children