Table 2.
Twelve-Month Prevalence and Odds Ratios (OR) of DSM-IV Axis I Psychiatric Disorders by Pregnancy Status.
| Disorder | Non-Pregnant Women (N=13,025) |
Past Year Pregnant Women (N=1,524) |
OR (CI) | AORa (CI) | Postpartum Women (N=994) |
OR (CI) | AORa (CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | |||||
| Any psychiatric disorder | 30.1 | (0.8) | 25.3 | (1.3) | 0.78 (0.69–0.90) | 0.75 (0.62–0.90) | 25.7 | (1.8) | 0.80 (0.68–0.95) | 0.81 (0.65–1.02) |
| Any new onset psychiatric disorder (current but not prior to the past 12 months ) | 7.0 | (0.3) | 8.0 | (0.8) | 1.16 (0.92–1.46) | 0.97 (0.75–1.25) | 8.3 | (1.1) | 1.20 (0.89–1.61) | 0.96 (0.69–1.33) |
| Any substance use disorder | 19.9 | (0.7) | 14.6 | (1.2) | 0.68 (0.57–0.82) | 0.56 (0.44–0.71) | 12.0 | (1.3) | 0.55 (0.43–0.69) | 0.44 (0.33–0.59) |
| Any alcohol use disorder | 7.6 | (0.4) | 3.6 | (0.5) | 0.45 (0.34–0.60) | 0.49 (0.36–0.67) | 2.9 | (0.6) | 0.36 (0.23–0.54) | 0.41 (0.27–0.64) |
| Any drug use disorder | 2.0 | (0.2) | 1.6 | (0.4) | 0.82 (0.49–1.37) | 0.52 (0.29–0.94) | 1.3 | (0.5) | 0.63 (0.30–1.34) | 0.50 (0.23–1.08) |
| Nicotine dependence | 14.6 | (0.6) | 12.5 | (1.1) | 0.84 (0.68–1.02) | 0.79 (0.64–0.97) | 10.7 | (1.2) | 0.70 (0.55–0.89) | 0.60 (0.47–0.76) |
| Any mood disorder | 13.7 | (0.5) | 13.3 | (1.1) | 0.96 (0.80–1.16) | 1.04 (0.83–1.32) | 15.2 | (1.5) | 1.13 (0.90–1.40) | 1.28 (0.97–1.69) |
| MDD | 8.1 | (0.9) | 8.4 | (0.4) | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | 1.24 (0.94–1.64) | 9.3 | (1.1) | 1.11 (0.84–1.46) | 1.52 (1.07–2.15) |
| Dysthymia | 2.0 | (0.2) | 0.9 | (0.4) | 0.46 (0.21–1.00) | 0.51 (0.22–1.18) | 1.0 | (0.5) | 0.49 (0.18–1.33) | 0.74 (0.26–2.07) |
| Bipolar disorder | 2.3 | (0.2) | 2.8 | (0.5) | 1.26 (0.86–1.84) | 1.09 (0.70–1.70) | 2.9 | (0.6) | 1.31 (0.86–2.00) | 1.08 (0.66–1.78) |
| Any anxiety disorder | 14.9 | (0.6) | 13.0 | (1.1) | 0.85 (0.70–1.03) | 0.99 (0.68–1.43) | 12.3 | (1.3) | 0.81 (0.65–1.00) | 0.89 (0.57–1.38) |
| Panic disorder | 3.0 | (0.2) | 2.2 | (0.5) | 0.73 (0.46–1.15) | 0.91 (0.53–1.56) | 2.5 | (0.6) | 0.83 (0.50–1.39) | 0.92 (0.48–1.73) |
| Social anxiety disorder | 2.8 | (0.2) | 1.8 | (0.4) | 0.65 (0.41–1.02) | 0.66 (0.33–1.31) | 1.0 | (0.4) | 0.34 (0.15–0.75) | 0.36 (0.14–0.92) |
| Specific phobia | 10.2 | (0.5) | 9.2 | (0.9) | 0.89 (0.72–1.11) | 0.93 (0.53–1.61) | 8.7 | (1.0) | 0.84 (0.66–1.08) | 0.97 (0.49–1.91) |
| Generalized anxiety | 1.8 | (0.2) | 1.3 | (0.4) | 0.73 (0.42–1.29) | 1.57 (0.82–3.02) | 1.5 | (0.5) | 0.81 (0.41–1.60) | 1.78 (0.81–3.94) |
| Any psychotic disorder | 0.3 | (0.1) | 0.4 | (0.2) | 1.14 (0.44–2.94) | 1.50 (0.54–4.18) | 0.5 | (0.2) | 1.60 (0.58–4.45) | 1.98 (0.61–6.46) |
| Any substance use | 73.8 | (1.0) | 63.0 | (1.8) | 0.60 (0.53–0.69) | 0.66 (0.57–0.77) | 62.1 | (2.1) | 0.58 (0.49–0.69) | 0.63 (0.52–0.77) |
| Any alcohol use | 68.5 | (0.9) | 59.0 | (1.7) | 0.66 (0.58–0.75) | 0.71 (0.61–0.81) | 58.1 | (2.1) | 0.64 (0.54–0.75) | 0.69 (0.57–0.83) |
| Any tobacco use | 26.6 | (0.8) | 21.9 | (1.5) | 0.77 (0.66–0.91) | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) | 21.5 | (1.8) | 0.75 (0.62–0.92) | 0.69 (0.56–0.83) |
| Any illicit drug use | 6.8 | (0.3) | 6.2 | (0.7) | 0.91 (0.72–1.17) | 0.87 (0.66–1.15) | 6.1 | (0.8) | 0.89 (0.66–1.20) | 0.93 (0.67–1.28) |
| Mean number of cigarettes smoked per day in last year (only among smokers) | 15.9b | 0.3 | 16.6b | 1.4 | t=0.52, p=0.60 | B=0.05, SE=0.04, p=0.29c | 16.3 b | 1.6 | t=0.23, p=0.82 | B=0.04, SE=0.04, p=0.28 c |
Abbreviations: SE, Standard Error; OR, Odds Ratio; AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI, 95% confidence interval.
a
Odds ratios adjusted for race/ethnicity, nativity, age, marital status, education, parity, lifetime history of row-defined disorder (disorder occurring prior to the past 12 months), overall health and number of stressful life events.
b
Mean
c
Linear regression controlled for race/ethnicity, nativity, age, marital status, education, parity, overall health and stressful life events.