Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics for Study Populations

	Children with Asthma†		Adults with Diabetes‡
Variables	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)
Transportation expenditures
NEMT expenditures	$2.01	(43.08)	$9.68	(79.56)
Pr(NEMT expenditures>0)	.03	(.16)	.06	(.23)
NEMT expenditures, if positive	$78.98	(258.55)	$165.49	(287.04)
Ambulance expenditures	$0.58	(32.14)	$3.05	(38.26)
Pr(ambulance expenditures>0)	.002	(.045)	.02	(.12)
Ambulance expenditures, if positive	$287.55	(655.85)	$196.62	(237.54)
Health care expenditures
Total expenditures*	$121.78	(687.69)	$434.03	(1,410.42)
Pr(total expenditures>0)	.49	(.49)	.65	(.48)
Total expenditures, if positive	$248.14	(965.54)	$663.49	(1,699.63)
Inpatient expenditures	$23.86	(577.84)	$131.55	(1,144.41)
Pr(inpatient expenditures>0)	.01	(.11)	.05	(.22)
Inpatient expenditures, if positive	$2,051.58	(4,754.15)	$2,673.12	(4,451.89)
Emergency room expenditures	$2.21	(56.72)	$3.45	(28.47)
Pr(emergency room expenditures>0)	.04	(.19)	.04	(.20)
Emergency room expenditures, if positive	$56.72	(47.42)	$79.52	(112.33)
Outpatient expenditures	$75.82	(608.41)	$216.84	(1,142.09)
Pr(outpatient expenditures>0)	.44	(.49)	.54	(.49)
Outpatient expenditures, if positive	$174.32	(913.19)	$404.19	(1,534.82)
Prescription drug expenditures	$22.37	(91.59)	$110.54	(298.60)
Pr(prescription drug expenditures>0)	.24	(.43)	.50	(.49)
Prescription drug expenditures, if positive	$91.59	(257.40)	$222.94	(393.41)
Health services use
ACSC admissions	.003	(.053)	.005	(.068)
Emergency room use due to diabetes	.0007	(.027)	.002	(.039)
Individual characteristics
Age (years)	5.48	(4.48)	46.92	(11.84)
Male	.51	(.49)	.38	(.48)
Black	.27	(.44)	.35	(.48)
Hispanic	.02	(.14)	.01	(.08)

^†Children with asthma: the total of 1,139,803 observations at the person month level on 36,712 unique children.

^‡Adults with diabetes: the total of 687,858 observations at the person month level on 18,336 unique adults.

^*Total expenditures are sum of monthly Medicaid expenditures per person, excluding transportation expenditures.