Table 2.
Patient Safety Culture Dimensions—Items and Factor Loadings
| Factor | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Q1. Patient safety decisions are made at the proper level by the most qualified people | 0.69 | −0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| Q2. Good communication flow exists up the chain of command regarding patient safety issues | 0.68 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
| Q4. Senior management has a clear picture of the risk associated with patient care | 0.66 | 0.08 | 0.02 | −0.09 | 0.08 |
| Q7. Senior management provides a climate that promotes patient safety | 0.74 | 0.11 | −0.04 | −0.04 | 0.04 |
| Q12. Senior management considers patient safety when program changes are discussed | 0.54 | 0.15 | −0.03 | −0.04 | 0.12 |
| Q29. My organization effectively balances the need for patient safety and the need for productivity | 0.52 | 0.15 | 0.17 | −0.10 | 0.08 |
| Q30. I work in an environment where patient safety is a high priority | 0.56 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.05 |
| Q35. Whenever pressure builds up, my supervisor/manager wants us to work faster, even if it means taking shortcuts | 0.03 | 0.45 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.01 |
| Q36. My supervisor/manager overlooks patient safety problems that happen over and over | 0.14 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.00 |
| Q33. My supervisor/manager says a good word when he/she sees a job done according to established patient safety procedures | −0.06 | 0.73 | −0.04 | 0.00 | 0.16 |
| Q34. My supervisor/manager seriously considers staff suggestions for improving patient safety | 0.13 | 0.70 | −0.11 | 0.14 | 0.05 |
| Q5. My unit takes the time to identify and assess risks to patients | 0.57 | −0.09 | −0.10 | 0.20 | 0.12 |
| Q6. My unit does a good job managing risks to ensure patient safety | 0.65 | −0.10 | −0.07 | 0.18 | 0.08 |
| Q18. I am rewarded for taking quick action to identify a serious mistake | 0.11 | 0.37 | −0.05 | −0.04 | 0.15 |
| Q21. Loss of experienced personnel has negatively affected my ability to provide high quality patient care | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.38 | 0.05 | −0.01 |
| Q22. I have enough time to complete patient care tasks safely | 0.42 | 0.16 | 0.27 | −0.03 | −0.10 |
| Q24. In the last year, I have witnessed a co-worker do something that appeared to me to be unsafe for the patient in order to save time | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.32 | 0.13 | −0.01 |
| Q25. I am provided with adequate resources (personnel, budget, and equipment) to provide safe patient care | 0.49 | 0.16 | 0.27 | −0.13 | −0.01 |
| Q26. I have made significant errors in my work that I attribute to my own fatigue | −0.02 | −0.02 | 0.36 | 0.27 | −0.02 |
| Q27. I believe that health care error constitutes a real and significant risk to the patients that we treat | 0.01 | −0.04 | 0.36 | −0.04 | 0.04 |
| Q28. I believe health care errors often go unreported | 0.05 | −0.07 | 0.42 | 0.03 | 0.18 |
| Q11. I am less effective at work when I am fatigued | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.49 | −0.08 | 0.00 |
| Q13. Personal problems can adversely affect my performance | −0.09 | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.07 | 0.00 |
| Q16. I will suffer negative consequences if I report a patient safety problem | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.60 | 0.11 |
| Q3. Reporting a patient safety problem will result in negative repercussions for the person reporting it | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.55 | 0.01 |
| Q9. If I make a mistake that has significant consequences and nobody notices, I do not tell anyone about it | −0.09 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.45 | 0.03 |
| Q8. Asking for help is a sign of incompetence | 0.06 | 0.08 | −0.02 | 0.54 | −0.03 |
| Q34. Individuals involved in major events have a quick and easy way to capture/report what happened | 0.12 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.44 |
| Q35. Individuals involved in major events contribute to the understanding and analysis of the event and the generation of possible solutions | 0.13 | 0.03 | −0.04 | 0.08 | 0.55 |
| Q36. A formal process for disclosure of major events to patients/families is followed and this process includes support mechanisms for patients, family, and care/service providers | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.01 | 0.80 |
| Q38. The patient and family are invited to be directly involved in the entire process of understanding: what happened following a major event and generating solutions for reducing the re-occurrence of similar events | −0.03 | 0.06 | 0.08 | −0.06 | 0.64 |
| Q39. Things that are learned from major events are communicated to staff on our unit using more than one method (e.g. communication book, in-services, unit rounds, e-mails) and/or at several times so all staff hear about it | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.04 | −0.01 | 0.50 |
Extraction method: Principal axis factoring.
Rotation method: Oblimin with Kaiser normalization.