Table 3.

Association of lowest (vs highest) category of socioeconomic status (SES) with impaired exercise capacity (METS <5)^*

SES Variable	Age-Adjusted		Adjusted for Confounders†		Adjusted for Confounders Plus Health Behaviors		Adjusted for Confounders, Health Behaviors, and Other SES Variables
	Odds Ratio‡ (95% CI)	p Value Trend	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p Value Trend	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p Value Trend	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p Value Trend
Income	6.7 (2.5–17.8)	<0.001	6.1 (2.1–17.8)	<0.001	5.5 (1.9–16.0)	<0.001	3.4 (1.1–10.6)	0.02
Education	4.2 (2.2–8.2)	<0.001	4.5 (2.1–9.6)	<0.001	4.3 (2.0–9.5)	<0.001	2.9 (1.0–8.4)	0.03
Housing	6.5 (3.4–12.5)	<0.001	5.1 (2.5–10.4)	<0.001	4.5 (2.1–9.6)	<0.001	3.5 (1.4–8.4)	0.006
Occupation	3.3 (1.9–5.9)	<0.001	3.3 (1.7–6.4)	<0.001	2.8 (1.4–5.7)	0.001	1.3 (0.6–2.9)	0.32

^*n = 726 for analyses including occupation, n = 850 for all others.

^†Adjusted for all variables listed in Table 1 except health behaviors (tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, body mass index, physical inactivity, and medication nonadherence).

^‡Odds ratios calculated using the lowest versus highest category for each SES variable.

CI = confidence interval.