. 2009 Apr 16;338:b1288. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1288

Table 2.

Utility values and miscellaneous risks and costs used to specify Monte Carlo simulation in decision analytical model

Condition	Value*	Standard error (95% CI)	Source	Assigned distribution
Utility values
Health states:
Remission	1.00	0	Kok et al¹⁵	Beta
No remission	0.94	0.009 (0.92 to 0.96)	Kok et al¹⁵	Beta
Incontinence	0.89	0.006 (0.88 to 0.91)	Ackerman et al¹⁶	Beta
Adverse effects†:
Urinary retention	0.89	0.012 (0.87 to 0.92)	Ackerman et al¹⁶	Beta
Bladder neck stenosis	0.95	0.001 (0.95 to 0.96)	Ackerman et al¹⁶	Beta
Urinary tract infection	0.93	0.004 (0.92 to 0.94)	Ackerman et al¹⁶	Beta
Transurethral resection syndrome	0.81	0.022 (0.77 to 0.85)	Ackerman et al¹⁶	Beta
Miscellaneous variables
Risks:
Transurethral resection after urinary retention	0.5	0.05 (0.40 to 0.6)	Expert opinion	Beta
Urge type incontinence	0.95	0.02 (0.91 to 0.99)	Expert opinion	Beta
Costs:
Baseline treatment (including mean length of stay) (£)	1862	(1546 to 2195)‡	NHS 2006¹⁷	Lognormal
Urology ward bed day (£)	250	(141 to 443)‡	NHS 2006¹⁷	Lognormal
Length of stay after transurethral resection syndrome (days)	2	0.51 (1 to 3)	Expert opinion	Normal
Length of stay after urinary infection (days)	3	1.4 (0.25 to 5.75)	Expert opinion	Normal
Urodynamic test (£)	125	16 (92 to 157)	NHS 2005¹⁷	Normal
Transfusion (£)	1270	323 (635 to 1905)	NHS tariff	Normal
Oxybutynin (£)	166	(65 to 267)§	NHS drug tariff	Uniform

*Risk unless otherwise stated.

†Age adjusted mortality rates estimated from UK life tables and applied equally throughout time horizon without weighting according to procedure.

‡Where log distributions have been used, standard error is omitted to avoid inconsistency with confidence interval, which is expressed as actual relative risk.

§Limits of uniform distribution.