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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Apr 17.
Published in final edited form as: Chromosoma. 2007 Nov 29;117(2):189–198. doi: 10.1007/s00412-007-0137-1

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

The experimental approach to modeling polysumoylation in vivo. a The advantage of constitutive SUMO modification (CSM) technique over traditional acceptor-site lysine mutagenesis. Ectopic expression of the tagged CSM target (lower right) represents a much better approximation of the wild type situation (left), compared to traditional mutagenesis of the sumoylated sites lysines (K to R; top right). CSM has an added benefit of biochemical/cytological tracking of the CSM pool of a given protein with an epitope tag (green circle). b Tandem peptide fusion of SUMO molecules is a good model of natural polysumoylation because of the proximal NH3-terminal position of the branching site lysine (K15) in SUMO. Branching in a polyubiquitin chain (K48) is shown for comparison