Table 4.
Primers to amplify the mitochondrial DNA of F. paralugubris
| Locus | Forward primer | Reverse primer | Fragment size (bp) |
| COI-RLR | TTGATTTTTTGGTCATCCAGAAGT | TAGGTGAATTTGAATTTTGTAATG | ~980 |
| COI-II a | CGACGTTACTCCGAATACCC | TGGCCTTGAAGAAGAAATCG | ~500 |
| COI-II b | CAAAATTCAAATTCNCCNTATGA | CCNGGNGTTGAGTCTATTTT | ~500 |
| ND4–ND6 a | CAAATATGAAATAAATAAATTGG | GTTTGTGAAGGGGTTTTAGG | ~760 |
| ND4–ND6 b | AATTAAYAAAGTTAATCCTAAAACCCC | CGTATAGAGATAGATTTTATRGAACAG | ~950 |
| Cytb-Fe | CAGTTTAATTTCTAATGAACAAAC | GGATCTCTAAAAATATATGGG | ~1030 |
| ND6-ND1 a | ACATACCACAGGTTCATCAAATCC | CGAGGTTTATTACCTCGAATGCGTTATG | ~810 |
| ND6-ND1 b | AGTAACCCCAATCCATATTCAACC | AATAGGGTCTATGCGGTCAG | ~1040 |
| ND6-ND1 c | CATAACGCATTCGAGGTAATAAACCTCG | GTAGCATTTTTAACTTTATTAGAACG | ~770 |
| CbM3 | TATTTTCCATTATTAAAATCTGTTC | AGTAAGAAATATTTACAGGTGAGGG | 163/166 |
| PB300 T/C | AAACTGACCGCATAGACCCTAT-T/C | GTGTTATGTTGATAAGGTGGG | 171 |
| PB30 A/G | CCCACCTTATCAACATAACAC | AATGCGGAAAGGTCCTAATAAGG-T/C | 164 |
The first nine pairs of primers listed above were used for the initial screen of three mitochondrial regions (COI-COII, ND4-ND6 and ND6-ND1). The last three pairs of primers (CbM3, PB300 T/C and PB30 A/G) were used for the routine typing of three polymorphic sites in the ND6-ND1 region.