Table 3.
Factors associated with herpes simplex virus type-2 seropositivity in the bivariate analysis among the HIV-negative high-risk MSM that participated in the cross-sectional study.
| Characteristic | PR | 95%CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| ≤ 26 | 1.00 | ||
| > 26 | 1.54 | 1.24–1.92 | < 0.001 |
| Race | |||
| White | 1.00 | ||
| Non-white | 1.36 | 1.09–1.70 | 0.005 |
| Educational level | |||
| ≤ 8 years | 1.16 | 0.93–1.45 | 0.16 |
| > 8 years | 1.00 | ||
| Working | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.07 | 0.84–1.35 | 0.553 |
| Living with a partner | |||
| Yes | 1.41 | 1.14–1.37 | 0.001 |
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Marital status | |||
| Not married | 1.00 | ||
| Married | 1.05 | 0.96–1.15 | 0.264 |
| Sexual orientation | |||
| Homosexual | 1.00 | ||
| Bisexual | 1.04 | 0.83–1.29 | 0.708 |
| Age at first sexual intercourse | |||
| ≤ 15 years | 1.21 | 0.94–1.56 | 0.122 |
| > 15 years | 1.00 | ||
| Age at first sexual intercourse with man | |||
| ≤ 15 years | 1.28 | 1.00–1.63 | 0.045 |
| > 15 years | 1.00 | ||
| Age at first sexual intercourse with woman | |||
| ≤ 15 years | 1.05 | 0.82–1.33 | 0.683 |
| > 15 years | 1.00 | ||
| First sexual intercourse with | |||
| Man | 1.05 | 0.86–1.39 | 0.448 |
| Woman | 1.00 | ||
| Exchange of sex for money | |||
| Never | 1.00 | ||
| Sometimes | 1.09 | 0.88–1.35 | 0.407 |
| Sex with a woman | |||
| Never | 1.00 | ||
| Sometimes | 1.08 | 0.85–1.37 | 0.499 |
| Sex with a woman in the past 6 months | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.02 | 0.82–1.28 | 0.82 |
| Occasional male partner in the past 6 months | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.1 | 0.87–1.39 | 0.394 |
| Stable male partner in the past 6 months | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.27 | 1.02–1.60 | 0.032 |
| Unprotected anal sex with stable male partner in the past 6 months | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.2 | 0.97–1.49 | 0.088 |
| Unprotected anal sex with occasional male partner in the past 6 months | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0.86 | 0.67–1.10 | 0.236 |
| Unprotected vaginal sex with stable female partner in the past 6 months | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.17 | 0.90–1.51 | 0.223 |
| Unprotected anal sex with stable female partner in the past 6 months | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.46 | 1.11–1.93 | 0.006 |
| Unprotected vaginal sex with occasional female partner in the past 6 months | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0.83 | 0.57–1.19 | 0.313 |
| Unprotected anal sex with occasional female partner in the past 6 months | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0.7 | 0.43–1.12 | 0.142 |
| Alcohol use during sexual encounter in the past 6 months | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.21 | 0.97–1.52 | 0.085 |
| Active syphilis* | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.3 | 0.94–1.79 | 0.107 |
| Positive serology for syphilis* | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.75 | 1.43–2.15 | < 0.001 |
| Hepatitis B** | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.65 | 1.33–2.05 | < 0.001 |
* Active syphilis implies that the antibody titer with the VDRL test was ≥ 1/8 and the TPHA was positive, while positive serology for syphilis implies that the VDRL test was not reactive or < 1/8 and TPHA was positive.
** Positive serology for hepatitis B was assessed by the detection of antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBC) indicating previous infection.