TABLE 3.
Risk of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia in relation to prior personal history of selected infectious diseases.
| Category/group | No. Exposed |
RR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-WM | WM | ||
| Upper airway | |||
| Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 89,592 | 10 | 0.86 (0.43–1.74) |
| Chronic sinusitis, total | 74,924 | 11 | 1.49 (0.79–2.80) |
| Chronic sinusitis, by latencya | |||
| ≤5 years | 13,497 | 4 | 2.22 (0.70–7.00) |
| >5 years | 61,427 | 7 | 1.30 (0.61–2.77) |
| Nasopharyngitis/pharyngitis | 54,541 | 7 | 1.23 (0.50–2.98) |
| Lower airway | |||
| Pneumonia, total | 362,543 | 47 | 1.27 (0.92–1.77) |
| Pneumonia, by latencya | |||
| ≤5 years | 268,002 | 17 | 1.35 (0.74–2.46) |
| >5 years | 82,357 | 30 | 1.24 (0.84–1.85) |
| Tuberculosis, total | 82,357 | 11 | 1.43 (0.78–2.69) |
| Tuberculosis, by latencya | |||
| ≤5 years | 19,333 | 4 | 2.61 (0.96–7.11) |
| >5 years | 63,024 | 7 | 1.09 (0.49–2.47) |
| Gastro–hepatic | |||
| Cholangitis/Cholecystitis | 32,922 | 4 | 0.98 (0.37–2.64) |
| Hepatitis virus, total | 45,967 | 6 | 3.39 (1.38–8.30) |
| Hepatitis B virus | 14,727 | 3 | 5.56 (1.76–17.54) |
| Intestinal | 70,599 | 7 | 0.90 (0.40–2.02) |
| Genital | |||
| Syphilis | 49,309 | 5 | 1.15 (0.47–2.81) |
| Reproductive | |||
| Orchitis and epididymitis | 48,968 | 5 | 0.91 (0.37–2.19) |
| Urinary | |||
| Cystitis | 39,289 | 6 | 1.21 (0.54–2.73) |
| Pyelonephritis | 31,808 | 3 | 0.91 (0.29–2.83) |
| Cardiovascular | |||
| Endocarditis, total | 104,732 | 14 | 1.08 (0.59–1.98) |
| Endocarditis, by latencya | |||
| ≤5 years | 25,707 | 5 | 1.29 (0.47–3.52) |
| >5 years | 79,025 | 9 | 0.99 (0.46–2.11) |
| Systemic | |||
| HIV | 14,736 | 3 | 12.05 (2.83–51.46) |
| Septicemia | 72,798 | 8 | 1.19 (0.56–2.51) |
| Other | |||
| Gingivitis and periodontitis, total | 479,190 | 37 | 0.69 (0.48–0.99) |
| Gingivitis and periodontitis, by latencya | |||
| ≤5 years | 72,949 | 8 | 0.77 (0.36–1.65) |
| >5 years | 406,241 | 29 | 0.67 (0.45–1.01) |
| Herpes zoster | 18,992 | 5 | 2.30 (0.95–5.58) |
| Mycoses | 175,519 | 16 | 1.10 (0.65–1.90) |
| Rickettsiosis | 22,068 | 5 | 3.35 (1.38–8.14) |
| Osteomyelitis | 57,757 | 7 | 1.13 (0.50–2.55) |
| Skin and soft tissue infections, total | 297,226 | 27 | 0.97 (0.64–1.46) |
| Skin and soft tissue infections, by latencya | |||
| ≤5 years | 53,122 | 10 | 1.43 (0.69–2.93) |
| >5 years | 244,104 | 17 | 1.84 (0.51–1.38) |
a
Time between first inpatient discharge listing the defined condition and subsequent WM. Likelihood ratio test P values for interaction with latency were 0.47 for chronic sinusitis, >0.50 for pneumonia, 0.20 for tuberculosis, >0.50 for endocarditis, >0.50 for gingivitis and periodontitis, and 0.25 for skin and soft tissue infections.
Abbreviations: WM=Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia; RR=rate ratio; CI=confidence interval. All analyses were adjusted for age, calendar time, race, latency, and number of hospital visits.