Table 3. Abnormalities absent from the fetal vitamin A deficiency (VAD) syndrome are found in Rara-, Rarb- and Rarg-null mutants (Aα, Aβ, Aγ), and in compound Rara/b-, Rara/g- and Rarb/g-null mutants (Aα/Aβ, Aα/Aγ and Aβ/Aγ).

#: this abnormality is completely penetrant. From references (Ghyselinck et al., 1997; Lohnes et al., 1994; Kastner et al., 1994). Note that most of the abnormalities seen in Rara/b-null mutants occur at similar frequencies in Rara/b2-mutants (Mendelsohn et al., 1994).