Table 1. Overview of c-Fos expression following open arm (OA) exposure in HAB, NAB and LAB mice.
| BASAL | OPEN ARM | 2-way ANOVA | |||||
| HAB | NAB | LAB | HAB | NAB | LAB | (line x stress) | |
| Brain regions (brain level) | |||||||
| Cortical areas | |||||||
| Prelimbic cortex ## | 2.4±0.5 | 2.7±0.5 | 1.8±0.3 | 14.2±1.2 | 11.4±1.4 | 11.2±1.1 | F(2,24) = 1.300, P = 0.297 |
| Infralimbic cortex ## | 1.5±0.7 | 1.2±0.1 | 1.0±0.4 | 10.2±1.0 | 9.3±1.6 | 7.7±1.1 | F(2,24) = 1.533, P = 0.243 |
| Cingulate cortex 1 (+1,94) ## | 1.3±0.4 | 1.7±0.3 | 1.7±0.9 | 6.8±0.6 | 9.4±1.3 | 9.1±0.5 | F(2,24) = 5.958, P = 0.010 |
| Cingulate cortex 1 (+0,14) ## | 1.5±0.4 | 2.0±0.8 | 2.0±0.8 | 17.9±1.6 | 16.6±2.5 | 19.7±2.1 | F(2,24) = 2.314, P = 0.128 |
| Cingulate cortex 2 ## | 1.4±0.8 | 1.6±0.7 | 1.5±0.2 | 15.9±1.3 | 14.0±1.6 | 16.6±1.6 | F(2,24) = 0.480, P = 0.626 |
| Piriform cortex ## | 3.8±0.8 | 5.8±0.7 | 5.1±1.5 | 18.2±1.8 | 14.8±2.8 | 15.8±1.3 | F(2,24) = 1.346, P = 0.285 |
| Primary motor cortex ## | 1.7±0.6 | 2.5±0.7 | 2.8±0.8 | 6.0±0.8 | 5.8±1.4 | 7.1±1.0 | F(2,24) = 1.478, P = 0.255 |
| Secondary motor cortex ## | 2.1±0.7 | 3.0±1.2 | 2.7±0.7 | 10:0±0.7 | 8.6±1.6 | 10.2±1.1 | F(2,24) = 11.278, P = 0.281 |
| Endopiriform cortex, dorsal ## | 0.5±0.2 | 0.5±0.2 | 0.7±0.3 | 1.5±0.3 | 3.4±1.0 | 2.2±0.6 | F(2,24) = 2.219, P = 0.138 |
| Orbital cortex, medial | 4.7±1.0 | 4.6±0.8 | 5.3±0.8 | 4.1±0.8 | 6.7±0.8 | 5.9±2.5 | F(2,24) = 0.115, P = 0.892 |
| Peduncular nucleus, dorsal ## | 1.4±0.4 | 2.0±0.5 | 1.1±0.3 | 7.9±0.8 | 7.8±2.1 | 7.6±1.3 | F(2,24) = 3.276, P = 0.061 |
| Primary somatosensory ctx # | 1.4±0.8 | 1.0±0.5 | 1.2±0.5 | 2.8±0.4 | 1.8±0.4 | 3.8±1.0 | F(2,24) = 0.899, P = 0.424 |
| Granular insular cortex | 1.2±0.6 | 1.2±0.6 | 2.3±0.4 | 2.5±0.2 | 1.6±0.4 | 3.8±1.2 | F(2,24) = 0.523, P = 0.602 |
| Retrosplenial agranular cortex ## | 3.6±0.9 | 4.5±1.6 | 6.1±2.7 | 27.9±4.8 | 22.4±2.8 | 22.9±2.5 | F(2,24) = 0.749, P = 0.162 |
| Retrosplenial granular cortex ## | 1.5±0.7 | 2.2±0.5 | 1.6±0.5 | 16.9±2.1 | 15.6±2.6 | 20.2±1.8 | F(2,24) = 1.259, P = 0.308 |
| Basalganglia | |||||||
| Caudate putamen | 0.2±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.2±0.1 | 0.1±0.1 | 0.4±0.2 | 0.2±0.1 | F(2,24) = 0.043, P = 0.958 |
| Lateral globus pallidus | 0.2±0.1 | 0.2±0.2 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.6±0.2 | 0.8±0.3 | 0.8±0.1 | F(2,24) = 0.862, P = 0.439 |
| Medial globus pallidus | 0.2±0.1 | 0.2±0.1 | 1.3±0.9 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.7±0.4 | 0.7±0.1 | F(2,24) = 0.321, P = 0.729 |
| Nucleus accumbens ## | 0.8±0.3 | 0.7±0.4 | 0.6±0.3 | 7.7±0.7 | 6.8±1.4 | 6.1±0.5 | F(2,24) = 3.249, P = 0.062 |
| Nucleus accumbens, core ## | 0.9±0.2 | 0.5±0.2 | 0.8±0.4 | 8.9±0.8 | 6.2±1.1 | 6.0±0.8 | F(2,24) = 9.120, P = 0.002 |
| Nucleus accumbens, shell ## | 0.4±0.1 | 0.6±0.3 | 0.8±0.2 | 4.3±0.4 | 2.8±0.5 | 2.9±0.5 | F(2,24) = 7.004, P = 0.006 |
| Claustrum ## | 2.0±0.5 | 2.4±0.5 | 2.5±0.4 | 11.5±0.8 | 10.1±2.2 | 9.3±0.7 | F(2,24) = 1.821, P = 0.190 |
| Striatal sections | |||||||
| Lateral septum, intermediate ## | 0.8±0.3 | 0.8±0.2 | 1.4±1.7 | 12.8±1.3 | 9.1±2.1 | 9.6±1.2 | F(2,24) = 9.221, P = 0.002 |
| Lateral septum, ventral ## | 6.5±0.6 | 7.9±0.4 | 6.3±1.7 | 17.8±0.7 | 10.0±1.5 | 10.3±0.9 | F(2,24) = 3.565, P = 0.049 |
| Lateral septum, dorsal # | 0.5±0.2 | 1.5±0.5 | 0.4±0.2 | 3.4±0.6 | 2.6±0.9 | 4.6±0.7 | F(2,24) = 3.311, P = 0.060 |
| Bed n. of stria terminalis ## | 1.3±0.4 | 2.0±0.3 | 2.5±1.0 | 8.1±1.3 | 6.4±1.4 | 8.1±1.1 | F(2,24) = 3.497, P = 0.052 |
| Thalamus | |||||||
| Paraventricular thalamic n. ## | 9.3±0.9 | 10.2±0.6 | 8.0±1.5 | 42.6±3.7 | 35.0±2.8 | 33.8±2.6 | F(2,24) = 0.836, P = 0.450 |
| Lateral habenular nucleus ## | 5.5±2.8 | 6.7±1.7 | 8.3±0.8 | 26.6±5.4 | 26.2±5.5 | 30.3±5.4 | F(2,24) = 0.183, P = 0.834 |
| Paraventricular n., anterior ## | 4.5±0.7 | 5.3±0.6 | 5.3±0.6 | 11.7±1.3 | 13.3±1.8 | 10.3±1.2 | F(2,24) = 0.071, P = 0.932 |
| Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus | 0.7±0.3 | 0.6±0.5 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.2±0.2 | 0.2±0.1 | F(2,24) = 0.390, P = 0.683 |
| Hypothalamus | |||||||
| Paraventricular hypothalamic n. ## | 2.3±1.1 | 1.2±0.5 | 1.3±0.3 | 12.2±1.3 | 10.5±1.6 | 3.8±1.0 | F(2,24) = 12.115, P<0.001 |
| Periventricular hypothalamic n. ## | 2.4±0.2 | 2.4±0.7 | 3.7±1.2 | 7.6±0.7 | 6.6±1.9 | 7.6±0.8 | F(2,24) = 0.039, P = 0.962 |
| Medial preoptic nucleus ## | 2.0±0.4 | 2.4±0.5 | 3.3±0.5 | 13.9±1.0 | 12.9±1.8 | 13.1±2.2 | F(2,24) = 1.048, P = 0.371 |
| Medial preoptic area ## | 4.7±0.3 | 5.5±1.0 | 4.5±0.4 | 16.3±0.7 | 12.1±0.6 | 8.3±0.6 | F(2,24) = 27.728, P<0.001 |
| Lateral hypothalamic area ## | 2.0±0.3 | 2.7±0.3 | 3.6±0.7 | 11.4±0.8 | 4.9±0.2 | 4.6±0.5 | F(2,24) = 23.446, P<0.001 |
| Dorsomedial hypothalamic n. ## | 4.8±1.5 | 3.0±0.7 | 5.1±1.2 | 22.2±2.4 | 13.9±0.3 | 12.3±1.6 | F(2,24) = 10.068, P = 0.001 |
| Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus ## | 2.6±0.5 | 2.4±0.6 | 1.7±0.3 | 8.6±1.4 | 7.3±2.0 | 9.7±1.7 | F(2,24) = 2.297, P = 0.129 |
| Ventromedial hypothalamic n. ## | 1.3±0.3 | 1.9±0.1 | 2.9±0.8 | 15.5±1.4 | 5.6±0.6 | 7.3±1.4 | F(2,24) = 12.934, P<0.001 |
| Anterior hypothalamic nucleus | 6.8±1.0 | 9.7±2.1 | 6.0±0.6 | 13.2±0.6 | 10.6±0.5 | 6.8±0.5 | F(2,24) = 4.556, P = 0.025 |
| Amygdala | |||||||
| Central n. of the amygdala | 2.2±0.3 | 1.5±0.7 | 2.4±0.8 | 3.4±0.5 | 2.9±0.6 | 3.5±0.9 | F(2,24) = 0.256, P = 0.777 |
| Medial n. of the amygdala ## | 3.2±0.1 | 2.9±0.6 | 3.3±1.1 | 14.7±0.6 | 11.8±1.0 | 11.0±0.9 | F(2,24) = 4.284, P = 0.048 |
| Lateral n. of the amygdala ## | 0.6±0.1 | 0.9±0.3 | 0.4±0.2 | 4.9±0.4 | 3.5±0.3 | 2.9±0.5 | F(2,24) = 5.901, P = 0.011 |
| Basolateral n. of the amygdala ## | 1.3±0.7 | 1.5±0.4 | 1.8±0.4 | 7.0±0.9 | 6.5±0.9 | 6.9±0.6 | F(2,24) = 1.352, P = 0.284 |
| Posterolateral cortical amy. ## | 1.4±0.2 | 1.9±0.7 | 1.2±0.5 | 8.2±1.3 | 10.0±0.7 | 7.3±2.3 | F(2,24) = 0.413, P = 0.668 |
| Anterior cortical amygdala ## | 2.5±0.3 | 3.1±0.7 | 3.0±0.5 | 9.8±0.6 | 6.4±0.4 | 6.2±1.0 | F(2,24) = 5.800, P = 0.011 |
| BASAL | OPEN ARM | 2-way ANOVA | |||||
| HAB | NAB | LAB | HAB | NAB | LAB | (line x stress) | |
| Brain regions | |||||||
| Hippocampus | |||||||
| Dentate gyrus ## | 33.0±4.5 | 32.4±4.5 | 35.4±3.9 | 64.5±6.5 | 110.1±13.6 | 127.6±10.8 | F(2,24) = 5.552, P = 0.013 |
| CA1 field ## | 27.4±2.8 | 32.3±3.6 | 31.4±3.4 | 61.5±8.5 | 58.8±7.7 | 57.0±8.5 | F(2,24) = 0.412, P = 0.668 |
| CA3 field ## | 18.8±1.9 | 17.4±2.7 | 23.9±3.6 | 59.7±6.9 | 63.9±4.2 | 58.2±4.6 | F(2,24) = 1.498, P = 0.250 |
| Midbrain/pons | |||||||
| PAG rostral, dorsomedial ## | 7.6±1.8 | 6.2±0.6 | 5.9±0.5 | 16.7±1.6 | 12.3±2. | 14.1±1.6 | F(2,24) = 2.048, P = 0.158 |
| PAG rostral, dorsolateral ## | 4.0±0.8 | 3.9±0.2 | 3.0±0.2 | 12.7±0.5 | 9.3±0.6 | 8.4±0.6 | F(2,24) = 2.797, P = 0.088 |
| PAG rostral, lateral ## | 5.0±0.5 | 5.3±0.8 | 5.3±1.2 | 24.9±1.4 | 20.2±2.6 | 24.4±1.3 | F(2,24) = 3.518, P = 0.051 |
| PAG caudal, dorsomedial ## | 1.5±0.4 | 1.8±0.4 | 2.3±0.4 | 6.4±0.7 | 6.4±2.1 | 5.4±0.7 | |
| PAG caudal, ventrolateral ## | 5.0±0.4 | 6.7±0.9 | 4.8±0.4 | 19.3±0.8 | 16.4±0.8 | 15.6±1.5 | F(2,24) = 3.587, P = 0.049 |
| PAG caudal, lateral ## | 2.0±0.3 | 3.1±1.0 | 3.0±0.7 | 17.9±1.1 | 14.1±3.8 | 17.6±1.0 | F(2,24) = 2.721, P = 0.093 |
| PAG caudal, dorsolateral ## | 2.5±0.7 | 3.7±0.7 | 2.7±0.7 | 13.2±1.3 | 6.7±1.5 | 6.9±1.5 | F(2,24) = 11.522, P = 0.001 |
| Dorsal raphe nucleus ## | 1.0±0.2 | 1.8±0.3 | 1.5±0.3 | 7.8±1.4 | 6.3±1.1 | 6.8±2.2 | F(2,24) = 1.014, P = 0.383 |
| Lateral parabrachial nucleus ## | 2.7±0.9 | 3.8±1.5 | 4.1±1.3 | 6.6±1.1 | 5.6±0.9 | 8.8±1.3 | F(2,24) = 1.474, P = 0.255 |
| Medial parabrachial nucleus | 1.1±0.4 | 0.6±0.2 | 1.1±0.2 | 0.4±0.2 | 0.9±0.3 | 1.1±0.3 | F(2,24) = 0.966, P = 0.399 |
| Locus coeruleus ## | 3.2±0.3 | 3.6±1.1 | 2.4±0.4 | 15.1±1.2 | 10.3±0.6 | 9.6±0.4 | F(2,24) = 11.983,P<0.001 |
Values are numbers of c-Fos positive cells/0.01 mm2. (total number of c-Fos positive cells was quantified in the CA1 and CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus). 2-way ANOVA analysis results for line x stress interaction are given in the right column (brain areas showing significant interaction are shown in bold). 2-way ANOVA analysis results for the factor stress are indicated by # P<0.05, ## P<0.01 basal versus OA stress groups; basal groups: n = 5, OA-groups: n = 8–9;