TABLE 2.
Demographic characteristics of the study participants
| Demographic | Patients with pain | Patients without pain | Overall | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n (%) | 211 (71) | 86 (29) | 297 (100) | – |
| Age (mean ± SD)† | 48.7±10.0 | 49.2±12.5 | 48.8±10.8 | 0.772 |
| Sex, n (%)‡ | ||||
| Male | 47 (22) | 21 (24) | 68 (23) | 0.691 |
| Female | 164 (78) | 65 (74) | 229 (77) | |
| Highest education level, n (%)‡ | ||||
| High school | 69 (33) | 18 (21) | 87 (29) | 0.002 |
| College | 61 (29) | 21 (24) | 82 (28) | |
| Undergraduate | 46 (22) | 19 (22) | 65 (22) | |
| Graduate | 32 (15) | 28 (33) | 60 (20) | |
| Other | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | |
| Employment status, n (%)‡ | ||||
| Full time | 28 (13) | 20 (23) | 48 (16) | 0.103 |
| Part time | 15 (7) | 6 (7) | 21 (7) | |
| Unemployed | 168 (80) | 60 (70) | 228 (77) | |
| Yearly individual income, n (%)‡ | ||||
| $0–$19,999 | 97 (46) | 25 (29) | 122 (41) | 0.082 |
| $20,000–$39,999 | 63 (30) | 26 (30) | 89 (30) | |
| $40,000–$59,999 | 27 (13) | 16 (19) | 43 (15) | |
| $60,000–79,999 | 12 (6) | 5 (6) | 17 (6) | |
| $80,00–$99,999 | 4 (2) | 4 (5) | 8 (3) | |
| Over $100,000 | 2 (1) | 3 (4) | 5 (2) | |
| Refused to answer | 6 (3) | 7 (8) | 13 (4) | |
*
Comparison of patients with and without pain;
†
Student’s t test;
‡
Wilcoxon rank sum test