Table 2.

Concentrations of plasma cytokines, leptin and IGF-I in healthy controls compared to patients with COPD exacerbation on admission to the hospital (D1) and after two weeks (D15)

Markers Median (25–75 percentile)	COPD patients (D1) (n = 52)	Healthy subjects (n = 25)	COPD patients (D15) (n = 52)
TNF-α (pg/ml)	63.9(46.7–84.5)* ††	14 (9.2–15.8)	14.3 (10.5–19.9)
IL-1β (pg/ml)	12.5 (8.8–16.9) * ††	3.6 (2.6–4)	3.8 (2.7–5.2)
IL-6 (pg/ml)	23 (17.7–44.6) * ††	9.7 (7.5–12.3)	10.6 (6.5–14.9)
IL-8 (pg/ml)	39.8 (29.2–56.3) * ††	13.7 (10–19)	18.5 (12.3–24) †
Leptin (ng/ml)	33.3 (16.7–45.5) * ††	9.6 (4.5–13.7)	15.7 (8.5–26) †
IGF-1 (ng/ml)	59.7 (44.3–76) * ††	133.2 (124–164.5)	96.6 (82.9–116.8) *
Leptin/% FM	1.1 (0.6–1.55) * ††	0.30 (0.16–0.43)	0.5 (0.26–0.94) *

Between healthy subjects and COPD patients * p < 0.01 † p < 0.05

Between COPD patients D1 and D15 †† p < 0.01