Table 1.

Cytosolic and membrane regulators of VDAC

Agent	Mechanism of action	References
Bcl-xL	Favors open state	Li et al. (2001), Vander Heiden et al. (2001)
NADH	Favors closed states	Lee et al. (1994, 1996)
tBid	Induces irreversible closure	Rostovtseva et al. (2004)
Non-lamellar lipids, PE and cardiolipin	Favors closed states of smaller conductance	Rostovtseva et al. (2006)
Tubulin	Induces permeation block	Rostovtseva et al. (2008)
Actin	Favors closed states of smaller conductance	Xu et al. (2001), Rostovtseva, unpublished data
Hexokinase-I	Induces closurea	Azoulay-Zohar et al. (2004)

Data obtained in vitro, in experiments with reconstituted channels

^aThe detailed mechanism is not investigated.