Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects
| Patients | Healthy control subjects | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 59 | 30 | — |
| Age (years) | 32.0 (20–51) | 31.5 (25–39) | 0.37 |
| F:M ratio | 36:23 | 15:15 | 0.32; χ2 M-L = 0.98 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 (20–31.6) | 23.2 (19.2–33) | 0.18 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120 (98–145) | 120 (100–140) | 0.68 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (68–98) | 77 (60–94) | 0.11 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 73 (55–98) | 69 (50–88) | 0.3 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 61.0 | ||
| Hypertension (%) | 16.0 | ||
| Neuropathy (%) | 20.3 | ||
| Retinopathy (%) | 44.1 | ||
| Range of albuminuria (mg/day) | 0.45–2,029 | ||
| Microalbuminuria (%) | 13.6 | ||
| Overt nephropathy (%) | 3.3 | ||
| Type 1 diabetes duration (years) | 15.0 ± 3–33 | ||
| A1C (%) | 7.8 (5.9–12) | ||
| Circadian insulin demand (units) | 49 (19–82) | ||
| ACE inhibition or angiotensin receptor blocker treatment (%) | 15.2 | ||
| Statin treatment (%) | 6.7 |
Data are median (range), arithmetic mean ± SD, or percentage of patients. M-L, maximum likelihood.