Table 5.
Variable | Men | Women | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude | Adjusted* | Crude | Adjusted** | |||||
PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | |
Skin color | p = 1.00*** | p = 0.26*** | p <0.001*** | p <0.001*** | ||||
White | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Black or Mixed | 1.00 | 0.86;1.17 | 1.12 | 0.95;1.31 | 1.50 | 1.28;1.76 | 1.43 | 1.21;1.68 |
Family income -1982 (MW) | p <0.001**** | p <0.001**** | p <0.001**** | p = 0.007**** | ||||
≤1 | 0.56 | 0.42;0.74 | 0.53 | 0.40;0.71 | 2.64 | 1.55;4.52 | 2.30 | 1.34;3.95 |
1.1 - 3 | 0.78 | 0.61;0.98 | 0.76 | 0.60;0.96 | 2.43 | 1.44;4.11 | 2.23 | 1.32;3.78 |
3.1 - 6 | 0.89 | 0.69;1.15 | 0.88 | 0.68;1.14 | 2.32 | 1.35;3.98 | 2.21 | 1.29;3.80 |
6.1 - 10 | 0.82 | 0.59;1.15 | 0.82 | 0.59;1.14 | 2.09 | 1.14;3.86 | 2.07 | 1.13;3.80 |
>10 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Change in income (1982 → 2004-5) | p <0.001**** | p <0.001**** | p <0.001**** | p <0.001**** | ||||
Always poor | 0.60 | 0.48;0.75 | 0.57 | 0.45;0.72 | 1.64 | 1.37;1.97 | 1.47 | 1.21;1.79 |
Non poor → poor | 0.85 | 0.70;1.02 | 0.84 | 0.70;1.01 | 1.28 | 1.05;1.57 | 1.25 | 1.02;1.53 |
Poor → non poor | 0.90 | 0.75;1.07 | 0.85 | 0.71;1.03 | 1.20 | 0.96;1.51 | 1.08 | 0.86;1.37 |
Never poor | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Birthweight (grams) | p <0.001**** | p <0.001**** | p = 0.007*** | p = 0.002*** | ||||
<2500 | 0.68 | 0.48;0.95 | 0.72 | 0.52;1.01 | 0.63 | 0.42;0.96 | 0.60 | 0.40;0.91 |
2500 - 2999 | 0.64 | 0.50;0.82 | 0.68 | 0.53;0.87 | 0.73 | 0.52;1.02 | 0.70 | 0.50;0.97 |
3000 - 3499 | 0.74 | 0.59;0.92 | 0.76 | 0.61;0.95 | 0.62 | 0.45;0.86 | 0.62 | 0.45;0.86 |
3500 - 3999 | 0.89 | 0.72;1.11 | 0.91 | 0.74;1.14 | 0.83 | 0.59;1.15 | 0.86 | 0.62;1.19 |
≥4000 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Breastfeeding (months) | p = 0.88*** | p = 0.62**** | p = 0.05**** | p = 0.16**** | ||||
<1.0 | 1.03 | 0.84;1.27 | 1.06 | 0.87;1.31 | 0.82 | 0.64;1.05 | 0.88 | 0.69;1.13 |
1.0 - 2.9 | 0.98 | 0.80;1.21 | 1.00 | 0.82;1.23 | 0.85 | 0.68;1.08 | 0.88 | 0.70;1.11 |
3.0 - 5.9 | 0.93 | 0.75;1.16 | 0.93 | 0.75;1.15 | 0.99 | 0.79;1.25 | 1.07 | 0.85;1.34 |
6.0 - 8.9 | 1.07 | 0.83;1.38 | 1.02 | 0.79;1.31 | 0.83 | 0.61;1.14 | 0.90 | 0.66;1.24 |
9.0 - 11.9 | 1.06 | 0.75;1.50 | 0.98 | 0.69;1.40 | 1.20 | 0.83;1.72 | 1.21 | 0.84;1.75 |
≥12.0 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Youth’s schooling (years) | p = 0.003**** | p = 0.15*** | p <0.001**** | p = 0.006**** | ||||
0 - 4 | 0.65 | 0.48;0.88 | 0.85 | 0.61;1.19 | 1.95 | 1.42;2.69 | 1.61 | 1.10;2.34 |
5 - 8 | 0.88 | 0.72;1.08 | 1.11 | 0.88;1.40 | 1.76 | 1.36;2.27 | 1.49 | 1.09;2.03 |
9 - 11 | 0.96 | 0.80;1.16 | 1.13 | 0.92;1.39 | 1.48 | 1.17;1.88 | 1.32 | 1.01;1.73 |
≥12 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
MW: Minimum wages
Variables in the first level (skin color, family income in 1982) adjusted for each other. Change in income adjusted for skin color. Birthweight adjusted for family income. Breastfeeding adjusted for family income and birthweight. Youth’s schooling adjusted for income and birthweight
Variables in the first level (skin color, family income in 1982) adjusted for each other. Change in income adjusted for skin color. Birthweight adjusted for skin color and family income. Breastfeeding adjusted for skin color, income, and birthweight. Youth’s schooling adjusted for skin color, income, birthweight, and breastfeeding.
Wald’s test for heterogeneity
Test for linear trend