Table 1.
Items of Five Versions of the Roland Morris Back Disability Questionnaire
| Item | Original Version (RM) | Modified Version (RM-MOD) | 18-item Version (RM-18) | 12-item Version (RM-12) | 11-item Version (RM-11) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I stay at home most of the time because of my back. | X | X | X | ||
| I change positions frequently to try to get my back more comfortable. | X | X | X* | ||
| I walk more slowly than usual because of my back. | X | X | X | X | |
| Because of my back, I am not doing any of the jobs that I usually do around the house. | X | X | X | ||
| Because of my back, I use a handrail to get upstairs. | X | X | X | X | X |
| Because of my back, I lie down to rest more often | X | X | |||
| Because of my back, I have to hold onto something to get out of an easy chair | X | X | X | X | |
| Because of my back, I try to get other people to do things for me | X | X | |||
| I get dressed more slowly than usual because of my back. | X | X | X | X* | X |
| I only stand for short periods of time because of my back. | X | X | X | X* | X |
| Because of my back, I try not to bend or kneel down. | X | X | X | X | X |
| I find it difficult to get out of a chair because of my back. | X | X | X | X* | X |
| My back is painful almost all of the time | X | X | X | X* | |
| I find it difficult to turn over in bed because of my back. | X | X | X | ||
| My appetite is not very good because of my back. | X | ||||
| I have trouble putting on my socks (or stockings) because of the pain in my back. | X | X | X | X | |
| I only walk short distances because of my back pain. | X | X | X | ||
| I sleep less well because of my back. | X | X | X | X | |
| Because of my back pain, I get dressed with the help of someone else. | X | ||||
| I sit down for most of the day because of my back. | X | ||||
| I avoid heavy jobs around the house because of my back. | X | X | X | X | |
| Because of back pain, I am more irritable and bad tempered with people than usual. | X | X | X | ||
| Because of my back, I go upstairs more slowly than usual. | X | X | X | X | |
| I stay in bed most of the time because of my back. | X | X | X* | ||
| Because of my back problem, my sexual activity is decreased | X | X | |||
| I keep rubbing or holding areas of my body that hurt or are uncomfortable | X | X | |||
| Because of my back, I am doing less of the daily work around the house than I would usually do | X | X | |||
| I often express concern to other people about what might be happening to my health | X |
*
A reference to leg pain was added to these items.