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Summary of the Stages of Vascular Remodeling
| Stage | I | II | III | IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) | Intact | Disruption, disorganization and partial loss | Substantial loss | Little/none remaining |
| Endothelium | Intact | Swelling and some breaks | Substantial loss | Little/none remaining |
| Endovascular trophoblasts (vEVTs) | Absent | Absent | Present in lumen | Present in lumen and relining vessel |
| Fibrinoid | Absent | Absent | Detected in vessel wall | Detected in vessel wall |
