Table 3.

Results from the final structural model to describe the relationships among community disapproval of adolescents’ cigarettes smoking, enforcement of school antismoking policies, personal beliefs, and past-30-day cigarette smoking

Dependent variables and predictors	Standardized coefficient	Unstandardized coefficient	SE	t ratio
Past-30-day cigarette smoking
Positive social expectancies	0.03	0.22	0.07	3.36*
Perceived harm of heavy smoking	−0.03	−0.16	0.05	−3.01*
Personal disapproval	−0.22	−1.28	0.07	−18.21*
Perceived availability	−0.04	−0.162	0.02	−6.99*
Perceived smoking by peers	0.35	1.46	0.06	25.05*
Age	0.04	0.14	0.02	5.80*
White	0.04	0.50	0.08	6.19*
Initiation of cigarette smoking before age 12  (R2 = .31)	0.16	3.03	0.26	11.82*
Positive social expectancies
Perceived enforcement of school policies	−0.06	−0.05	0.01	−6.49*
Perception of community disapproval	−0.15	−0.14	0.01	−18.82*
White  (R2 = .04)	−0.09	−0.17	0.01	−11.74*
Perceived harm of heavy smoking
Perceived enforcement of school policies	0.08	0.08	0.01	8.93*
Perception of community disapproval	0.11	0.11	0.01	13.95*
Male	−0.07	−0.12	0.01	−9.90*
Age	0.12	0.06	0.01	16.07*
White	0.11	0.22	0.02	12.76*
Initiation of cigarette smoking before age 12  (R2 = .06)	−0.09	−0.25	0.03	−10.02
Personal disapproval
Perceived enforcement of school policies	0.05	0.06	0.01	7.12*
Perception of community disapproval	0.35	0.37	0.01	40.82*
Initiation of cigarette smoking before age 12  (R2 = .16)	−0.14	−0.45	0.03	−16.90*
Perceived availability
Perceived enforcement of school policies	−0.08	−0.12	0.01	−10.96*
Perception of community disapproval	−0.18	−0.27	0.01	−26.74*
Age  (R2 = .15)	0.29	0.23	0.01	43.43*
Perceived smoking by peers
Perceived enforcement of school policies	−0.02	−0.03	0.01	−2.50*
Perception of community disapproval	−0.20	−0.31	0.01	−24.09*
Male	−0.07	−0.16	0.02	−10.14*
Initiation of cigarette smoking before age 12  (R2 = .07)	0.14	0.65	0.04	15.76*
Perceived enforcement of school policies
Perception of community disapproval	0.07	0.07	0.01	8.33*
Age  (R2 = .03)	−0.16	−0.08	0.01	−21.01*

Note. Model fit: comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.95; root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.037 (90% CI = 0.035–0.039).

^*p < .001.