Table 3.

Indicators of under- and over-supply

Undersupply	Oversupply
• Doctor provision well below the national average.	• Growth of the workforce well in excess of population growth.
• Underservicing and unmet needs; unacceptably long waiting times; consumers dissatisfied with access.	• Declining average patient numbers; declining average practitioner incomes; insufficient work/variety of work to maintain skills.
• Overworked practitioners; high levels of dissatisfaction with the stress of overwork and inability to meet population needs.	• Underemployment, wasted resources.
• Vacancies, unfilled public positions; employment of temporarily-resident doctors to fill unmet needs; substitution of services by alternative providers.