Table 12.
Demographics | Bonding opportunities |
Non-white – 1 study | Higher grades – 2 studies |
Higher socioeconomic status – 1 study | Got married – 2 studies |
Male gender – 2 studies, female gender – 1 study | Parental support – 2 studies |
Higher parental expectancies for child – 1 study | |
Behavior-related | |
Less allowance – 1 study | |
Low intention to smoke in future – 6 studies | Less leisure time – 1 study |
Lower pretest smoking – 6 studies | Less strict peers – 1 study |
Less smoking experience – 6 studies | Network values agreement – 1 study |
Lower alcohol use – 1 study | Less parental education – 1 study |
Better diet – 1 study | |
"Not want to quit now" – 1 study | Psychology |
Less depressed – 1 study | |
Beliefs/attitudes toward smoking | Less perceived stress – 1 study |
Self-concern – 1 study greater, 1 lower | |
Higher morality/social control of tobacco use – 3 studies | |
Stereotypes of smokers thwarted – 2 studies | |
Negative outcome expectancies of use – 2 studies | Perceived social |
Disapprove of others smoking – 2 studies | |
Positive program outcome expectancies – 1 study | Fewer friends smoke – 12 studies |
No parent/sibling smoking – 4 studies | |
Lower social acceptability – 2 studies | |
Lifestyle perceptions | |
Spouse is a non-smoker – 2 studies | |
High importance on health as a value – 2 studies | Parent don't like smoking – 1 study |
High sense of coherence – 1 study | Fewer offers to smoke – 1 study |
Perceived lifestyle incongruence – 1 study | |
Life skills | |
Greater refusal assertion skill – 2 studies | |
Higher self-esteem – 1 study | |
Better decision making skills – 1 study | |
Better stress management skills – 1 study |
Directionality was aligned such that these predictors showed higher quit-rates. Each entry indicates number of studies that found this variable to be a significant predictor.