Table 6.

Cessation studies-outcomes

Investigators	% quit at posttest (Attended first session)	Mean reduction at posttest (Non-quitters/attended first session)	Length of follow-up	% quit at follow-up (Attended first session)	Mean reduction at follow-up (Non-quitters/attended first session)
Ary et al.	NR	NR	12 months	35% – program 31% – control	31%
Aveyard et al.	NR	NR	5 months (1 year after pretest)	20% – transtheoretical program 20% – control	NR
Baskerville, Hotte, Dunkley	22% – Quit-and-Win participants 6% – intervention schools 5% – control schools	NR	6 months	2% – Quit-and Win participants NR – intervention or control schools	NR
Bauman et al.	NA	NA	1 year	31% – family program 22% – control (not significant)	NR
Beaglehole et al.	NR	NR	~3 months	1% increase-program 1% decrease-control	NR
Biener et al.	NA	NA	~1 year	0%	NR – 29% decrease overall
Chakravorty	13% – both conditions	NR	NA	NA	NA
Charlton	NR	NR	6 months	17% – clinic course 10% – individual package (control)	NR
Cinnomin, Sussman	NR	NR	1 month	17% – cognitive-behavioral/social influence 0% – chemical addiction	42% – cognitive-behavioral/social influence 5% – chemical addiction
Colby et al.	NR	NR	3 months	20% – motivation interviewing 10% – brief advice	10% – both conditions
Coleman-Wallace et al.	12% – TEG 15% – TAP 0% – control (small n)	18% – TEG 24% – TAP 0% – control	NA	NA	NA
Corby et al.	100%	NA	3 weeks	0%	0%
Digiusto	8% – both program conditions	NR	3–4 months	14% – both program 7% control	NR
Dino et al.	17% – NOT, 8% brief intervention	59% – NOT, 42% – brief intervention	5 months	10% – NOT 7% – brief intervention	57% – NOT, 51% – brief intervention
Eakin, Severson, Glasgow	28%	77%	6 months	12%	45%
Etter, Ronchi, Perneger	NA	NA	7 months after baseline	0% – both program and control conditions	3% increase in program, 5% increase in control
Fibkins	19%	~30%	NA	NA	NA
Forster et al.	NA	NA	36 months	2% increase program 7% increase control	6% relative reduction
Glasgow et al.	NR	NR	6 months	10% program 6% control	NR
Glover	2%	NR	6 months	2%	NR
Goldberg, Gorn	20%	NR	3 months	11%	NR
Greenberg, Deputat	40% – fear 27% – facts 36% – values 6% – control	NR	5 months	12% – fear 16% – facts 24% – values 4% – control	NR
Hafstad, Aaro, Langmark	NR	NR	2 weeks (5 weeks since start of campaign)	12%	NR
Horn et al.	14% – NOT, 4% brief intervention	76% – NOT, 54%-brief intervention	NA	NA	NA
Horswell, Horton	~6% – Pack In Those Smokes (PITS) 0% – control	63% – PITS 0% – control	6 months	~6% – PITS 0% – control	46% – PITS 0% – control
Hotte et al.	8% – group 2% – kit-only	7% – group 3% – kit-only	6 months	4% – group NA – kit-only	4% – group NA – kit-only
Hurt et al.	11%	~49%	6 months	5%	~19%
Jason, Mollica, Ferrone	55% – both program groups 0% – control group	14% – both program groups 50% – control	17 months	41% – both program groups 0% – control	0% – both program groups 400% increase-control
Jerome	29%	41%	NA	NA	NA
Johnson et al.	0% for all groups	NR	24 months	0% for all groups	NR
Kempf, Stanley	NA	NA	2 weeks	NR – "as-if" 100% in smoke-free program but not stated 4% – program	NR
Killen et al.	NR	NR	2 months	9% – control	NR
Lampkin	NR	NR	~5 months	14%	18%
Librett	17%	39%	NA	NA	NA
Lotecka, McWhinney	NR	64% – coping 0% – information (control)	NA	NA	NA
Matson-Koffman, Miller	NR	NR	12 months	16%	~12%
McDonald, Roberts, Deeschaemaker	16%	61%	NA	NA	NA
Mills, Ewy, Dizon	15% (all were senior high youth)	8%	3 months	7%	7%
Murray, Prokhorov, Harty	2.3% – program State 0.1% increase-control State; difference not significant	NR	NA	NA	NA
Myers, Brown	NR	NR	24 months	5%	19%
Myers, Brown, Kelly	NR	NR	3 months	17%	~60%
Pallonen	~20%	NR	6 months	6%	NR
Patten et al.	18%	NR	mean of 64 months	12%	~18%
Patterson	14% – last 48 hours	NR	3 months	14%	NR
Pendell	14% across TEG and TAP	50% across TEG and TAP	NA	NA	NA
Perry et al.	NR	NR	4 months	5.7% quit (below monthly use) in program condition 4.1% increase in control condition	NR
Perry et al.	NR	NR	1–2 months	23% across conditions (27% – long-term health, 17% – social consequences, 29% – immediate effects, not significant differences, small n)	7% – long-term health, increased 16% – social consequences, 17% – immediate effects (not significant)
Peters	17% at 6 months	NR	12 months	15%	NR
Peterson, Clark	0% program and control groups	NR	1 month	0% program and control groups	44% discussion group 9% control
Popham et al.	NR	NR	12 months	2% – 1% difference as a function of exposure	NR
Prince	16%	42%	1 month	16%	42%
Quinlan, McCaul	NA	NA	1 month	3% – stage matched 14% – stage mismatched 0% – control	NR
Rigotti et al.	0% – program 1% – control	NR	24 months-anonymous surveys	3% increase-program 0% – control	NR
Skjoldebrand, Gahnberg	~4%	NR	NA	NA	NA
Smith et al.	14%	93%	12 months	5%	59%
St. Pierre, Shute, Jaycox	0%	~31%	NA	NA	NA
Suedfeld et al.	NA	NA	3 months	0%	Sensory D-Message 28% Sensory D-No Message 22% No Sensory D-Message 22% Control 0%
Sussman, Burton et al.	35% – chemical addition-ST 11% – chemical addiction – smoking 24% – psychosocial dependency – ST 26% – psychosocial dependency – smoking 8% – wait-list control-smoking	NR	3 months	15% – program conditions – ST 7% – program conditions – smoking 0% – wait list control – ST 8% – wait list control – smoking	NR
Sussman, Dent, Lichtman	14% – both program conditions NA – control	23% – both program conditions NA – control	4–5 months	17% – both program conditions 8% – control	23% – in all conditions
Sussman, Dent, Stacy	NR	NR	12 months	34% – health educator 21% – self-instruction 21% – control	15% – health educator 0% – self-instruction and control
Townsend et al.	60% – agreed to try to quit NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Vartiainen et al.	NA	NA	6 months	28%	NR
Wakefield et al.	NA	NA	~24 months	Odds ratios Public place .90 Home ban .78 Enforce school ban .89	NA
Weisman et al.	36%	25%	5 months	36%	NR
Zavela, Harrison, Owens	NR	NR	1 month	NR	mean days abstinent mint snuff – 18.8 (63% of month) bubble gum – 21.5 (72% of month) No substitute – 23.5 (78% of month)
Zheng	13% 7-day quit rate 4% 30-day quit rate	20%	NA	NA	NA

NA = not applicable; NR = not reported; ~ = approximately.