Table 9.

Standard of evidence of effectiveness: examining the 34 programs with the highest quit-rates

First author	Quit rate		Subjects/cell			Design				Outcome		Reach	Retain
	>12%	>9%	>40	>30	>20	E	QE	SG	C	IM	DIFF	24%+	49%+
Ary	*	*	*	*	*	*					4%	*	*
Aveyard	*	*	*	*	*	*					0%	*	*
Bauman	*	*	*	*	*	*					9%	*	*
Chakrovorty	*	*	*	*	*	*				*		NR	*
Charlton	*	*	*	*	*		*				7%	*
Colby	*	*			*	*					10%	*	*
C-Wallace	*	*	*	*	*		*			*			*
Digiusto	*	*	*	*	*		*				7%		*
Dino		*	*	*	*		*				3%		*
Eakin		*			*			*				*	*
Fibkins	*	*			*			*		*			*
Glasgow		*	*	*	*	*					4%	*	*
Goldberg		*	*	*	*		*					NA	*
Greenberg	*	*			*		*				13%	*	*
Hafstad		*	*	*	*			*	*			NR	*
Horn	*	*	*	*	*		*				10%		*
Jason	*	*					*				41%	*	*
Jerome	*	*						*		*			*
Lampkin	*	*	*	*	*			*				*	*
Librett	*	*	*	*	*			*		*		*	*
M-Koffman	*	*	*	*	*			*				*	*
McDonald	*	*	*	*	*			*		*		NR
Myers-2	*	*		*	*			*				NR	*
Patten		*	*	*	*			*				NA	*
Patterson	*	*			*			*				NR	*
Pendell	*	*	*	*	*			*		*		NR	NR
Perry-2	*	*			*	*						*	*
Peters	*	*	*	*	*			*				*	*
Prince	*	*		*	*		*						*
Sussman-2	*	*	*	*	*	*					9%	*	*
Sussman-3	*	*	*	*	*	*					13%	*	*
Vartiainen	*	*	*	*	*			*	*				*
Weissman	*	*						*				NA	*
Zheng	*	*						*		*		*	*

* = meets this criterion; NA = not applicable; NR = not reported; E = experimental design; QE = quasi-experimental design; S = single-subject design; C = community-wide type study; IM = use of an immediate outcome proxy; DIFF = whether or not and how much difference was observed between a program and a control group; + = or more.