Table 3.
Crude and adjusted analyses on the effect of the independent variables on systolic and diastolic blood pressure among the women. Pelotas, Southern Brazil, 1982 to 2004-5.
| Variable | Systolic pressure in mmHg | Diastolic pressure in mmHg | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted* | Crude | Adjusted* | |
| Skin color | 0.02** | 0.01** | 0.56** | 0.39** |
| White | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Black or Mixed | 1.70 (0.32;3.07) | 1.79 (0.36;3.21) | 0.35 (−0.80;1.49) | 0.53 (−0.66;1.71) |
| Maternal schooling (years) | 0.30*** | 0.05*** | 0.02*** | 0.02*** |
| 0 – 4 | −0.92 (−2.71;0.87) | −2.40 (−4.73;-0.07) | −1.53 (−3.01;-0.04) | −2.11 (−4.05;-0.18) |
| 5 – 8 | −0.72 (−2.46;1.01) | −1.96 (−4.13;0.20) | −0.94 (−2.38;0.50) | −1.46 (−3.26;0.34) |
| 9 – 11 | −0.41 (−2.66;1.84) | −1.24 (−3.64;1.16) | −0.23 (−2.09;1.63) | −0.67 (−2.66;1.32) |
| ≥12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Family income in 1982 (MW) | 0.55*** | 0.36*** | 0.49** | 0.36*** |
| ≤1 | 0.49 (−2.15;3.13) | 1.82 (−1.41;5.04) | −0.08 (−2.27;2.11) | 1.45 (−1.23;4.13) |
| 1.1 a 3 | 0.70 (−1.76;3.15) | 2.03 (−0.93;4.99) | −0.29 (−2.32;1.75) | 1.02 (−1.43;3.48) |
| 3.1 a 6 | 0.52 (−2.14;3.19) | 1.44 (−1.46;4.35) | 0.88 (−1.33;3.08) | 1.68 (−0.72;4.09) |
| 6.1 a 10 | −0.25 (−3.53;3.03) | 0.21 (−3.12;3.54) | −0.41 (−3.13;2.30) | −0.04 (−2.80;2.72) |
| >10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Income change (1982 → 2004-5) | 0.38** | 0.38** | 0.20** | 0.16** |
| Always poor | 0.78 (−0.76;2.32) | 1.17 (−0.71;3.03) | −0.37 (−1.65;0.91) | 0.44 (−1.11;1.99) |
| Non-poor → poor | −0.84 (−2.38;0.70) | −0.64 (−2.23;0.94) | −1.40 (−2.68;-0.12) | −1.13 (−2.45;0.19) |
| Poor → non-poor | 0.31 (−1.35;1.98) | 0.59 (−1.32;2.51) | −0.45 (−1.83;0.93) | 0.22 (−1.37;1.80) |
| Never poor | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Birth weight (g) | 0.25** | 0.38** | 0.38** | 0.38** |
| <2500 | 3.56 (0.03;7.10) | 3.71 (0.15;7.26) | 2.39 (−0.55;5.32) | 2.54 (−0.41;5.49) |
| 2500 – 2999 | 3.60 (0.48;6.71) | 3.60 (0.47;6.72) | 2.24 (−0.34;4.83) | 2.28 (−0.31;4.88) |
| 3000 – 3499 | 3.42 (0.35;6.48) | 3.51 (0.43;6.58) | 2.46 (−0.09;5.00) | 2.48 (−0.07;5.03) |
| 3500 – 3999 | 3.55 (0.40;6.70) | 3.76 (0.61;6.92) | 2.67 (0.06;5.28) | 2.68 (0.06;5.29) |
| ≥4000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Duration of breastfeeding (months) | 0.03** | 0.02** | 0.18** | 0.03** |
| <1.0 | −1.14 (−2.99;0.72) | −1.14 (−3.02;0.74) | −0.10 (−1.64;1.44) | −0.16 (−1.72;1.40) |
| 1.0 - 2.9 | −1.88 (−3.65;-0.12) | −1.96 (−3.74. -0.18) | −1.06 (−2.52;0.41) | −1.19 (−2.67;0.29) |
| 3.0 - 5.9 | −2.27 (−4.08;-0.46) | −2.31 (−4.14;-0.48) | −1.01 (−2.51;0.49) | −1.18 (−2.70;0.34) |
| 6.0 - 8.9 | −2.45 (−4.75;-0.15) | −2.52 (−4.85;-0.19) | −1.97 (−3.88;-0.06) | −2.14 (−4.08;-0.21) |
| 9.0 - 11.9 | 1.69 (−1.54;4.92) | 2.03 (−1.25;5.31) | 1.83 (−0.85;4.52) | 2.03 (−0.70;4.75) |
| ≥12.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MW: Minimum wages
*
The variables in the first level (skin color, maternal schooling and family income in 1982) were adjusted between each other and maintained in the analysis model if p < 0.2. Income change was adjusted for skin color. Birth weight was adjusted for skin color, maternal schooling and family income in 1982. Breastfeeding was adjusted for skin color, maternal schooling, income in 1982 and birth weight.
**
Test for heterogeneity
***
Test for linear trend