. 2007 Sep;8(6):379–397. doi: 10.2174/138920207783406460

Table 2.

TSGs and Other Genes Aberrantly Expressed and Silenced in IM and Intestinal-Type GC and their Functional Role

Gene Name	Expression During Intestinal Differentiation	Expression in IM	Expression in GC	Functional Role in IM/GC
Muc1	^-	^{- -}	^{- - -}	Associated with gastric-type cell lineage
Muc5AC	^-	^{- -}	^{- - -}	Associated with gastric-type cell lineage
Muc6	^-	^{- -}	^{- - -}	Associated with gastric-type cell lineage
Sox2	^-	^{- -}	^{- - -}	Associated with gastric-type cell lineage
P53 (wild-type)	^-	^{- -}	^{- - -}	Induces apoptosis, inactivated by LOH
P73 (wild type)	^-	^{- -}	^{- - -}	TSG, induces apoptosis, belongs to p53 family
RunX3	^-	^{- -}	^{- - -}	TSG silenced by hypermethylation; initiates Tgf-β-induced apoptosis, suppresses Vegf
P21 (WAF1/CIP1)			^{- - -}	Cell growth cycle inhibitor, inhibits cyclins D1 and E
P27 (KIP1)			^{- - -}	Cell growth cycle inhibitor, inhibits cyclins D1 and E
Apc (mutation)		^-	^{- - -}	TSG: degrades β-catenin
Tgf-β-signalling pathway			^{- - -}	TSG: Induces apoptosis
P14 (ARF)		^{- -}	^{- - -}	TSG: regulates cell cycle, silenced by hypermethylation
P15 (INK4B)		^{- -}	^{- - -}	TSG: regulates cell cycle, silenced by hypermethylation
P16 (INK4A)		^{- -}	^{- - -}	Cell cycle regulator, induces G1-phase arrest, silenced by hypermethylation
P57 (KIP2)		^{- -}	^{- - -}	Inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases, silenced by hypermethylation
Dap-kinase		^{- -}	^{- - -}	Death-associated protein kinase involved in apoptosis, silenced by hypermethylation
hMLH1		^-	^{- - -}	DNA mismatch repair gene inactivated by hypermethylation; causes MSI

Key to Table 2:

-/- -/- - - refers to gradual decrease in expression/mutation

Minimal/reduced expression

^{- -}

Downregulated

^{- - -}

Silenced