Figure 3.

Analysis of peritumoral expression of α-SMA, periostin, and CD31: Immunohistochemical analysis on PDAC tissue was performed using anti-α-SMA antibody with hematoxylin counterstaining. Notice the significantly higher number of PSCs compared with cancer cells (A; original magnification, x50). A demonstrative example of a highly desmoplastic PDAC is shown (B and C). Notice the mostly acellular ECM (white double arrow) and the increase in both α-SMA (B, black arrows) and CD31 (C, black arrows) staining in the peritumoral stroma. Colocalization of α-SMA (D; original magnification, x100), periostin (E), and CD31 (F) around cancer structures is demonstrated in sections without counterstaining.