ERα immunoreactive neuron numbers were quantified in young, middle-aged and old rats in the AVPV, MePO and MPN. Data are shown for heavily labeled (A), lightly labeled (B) and total (C) ERαir cell numbers. Although there were no differences with age in total or lightly labeled ERαir cells, there was a significant increase in heavily labeled cells with age from young to middle-aged in the AVPV and MePO. Panels D, E and F present similar data for ERα cell densities in aging rats. The only significant difference in density was found for heavily labeled ERαir cells, with an increase from young to middle-aged rats in the AVPV. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.