Table 1.

Plasma concentrations of endothelin and cytokines at baseline, cross clamp release (CCR), and 0 hour.

		Time				Two-way ANOVA
		Baseline	CCR	0 Hour: Infusion		F-value	P-value
	Endothelin (fmol/mL)
Treatment	Vehicle	2.8 ± 0.4	3.3 ± 0.4	2.9 ± 0.4	Time	1.02	0.36
	0.1 mg/kg	3.0 ± 0.5	3.9 ± 0.6	3.8 ± 1.1	Treatment	4.15	0.04
	0.5 mg/kg	2.5 ± 0.4	3.7 ± 0.5	4.4 ± 1.0
	1 mg/kg	4.1 ± 0.6	5.1 ± 0.9	4.1 ± 1.1
	2 mg/kg	3.3 ± 0.7	4.9 ± 1.1	5.8 ± 1.4
	Interleukin 6 (pg/mL)
Treatment	Vehicle	8.0 ± 2.2	46.4 ± 26.1	88.1 ± 47.2	Time	9.80	<0.01
	0.1 mg/kg	9.1 ± 2.3	39.2 ± 9.0	80.4 ± 20.6	Treatment	0.05	0.83
	0.5 mg/kg	8.5 ± 2.1	49.6 ± 11.0	79.0 ± 16.9
	1 mg/kg	10.3 ± 1.8	40.4 ± 15.6	95.2 ± 44.0
	2 mg/kg	8.4 ± 2.4	39.3 ± 10.5	71.2 ± 17.9
	Interleukin 10 (pg/mL)
Treatment	Vehicle	3.0 ± 0.9	17.1 ± 8.2	18.0 ± 8.1	Time	2.04	0.13
	0.1 mg/kg	4.0 ± 1.8	30.7 ± 20.5	36.5 ± 24.5	Treatment	0.03	0.86
	0.5 mg/kg	3.2 ± 0.7	13.2 ± 7.2	14.2 ± 6.4
	1 mg/kg	5.2 ± 1.1	10.7 ± 4.3	26.4 ± 12.1
	2 mg/kg	3.6 ± 0.8	7.0 ± 1.8	6.4 ± 1.3
	Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF:pg/mL)
Treatment	Vehicle	4.8 ± 1.8	0.5 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1	Time	0.03	0.97
	0.1 mg/kg	2.9 ± 0.8	1.9 ± 0.6	2.3 ± 0.7	Treatment	1.79	0.18
	0.5 mg/kg	3.8 ± 1.0	1.2 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.2
	1 mg/kg	7.3 ± 1.9	15.5 ± 8.3	27.2 ± 15.1
	2 mg/kg	4.6 ± 1.9	5.6 ± 3.2	4.02 ± 2.1
	TNF Receptor I (ng/mL)
Treatment	Vehicle	2.73 ± 1.35	2.34 ± 0.30	5.00 ± 1.01	Time	13.62	<0.01
	0.1 mg/kg	2.16 ± 0.71	2.67 ± 0.16	4.02 ± 0.23	Treatment	0.10	0.75
	0.5 mg/kg	2.12 ± 0.60	3.18 ± 0.54	4.86 ± 0.55
	1 mg/kg	2.65 ± 0.84	3.54 ± 0.69	7.14 ± 1.26
	2 mg/kg	1.80 ± 0.28	2.59 ± 0.11	5.24 ± 0.71
	TNF Receptor II (ng/mL)
Treatment	Vehicle	0.53 ± 0.08	0.59 ± 0.05	1.03 ± 0.18	Time	11.22	<0.01
	0.1 mg/kg	0.46 ± 0.09	0.62 ± 0.07	0.85 ± 0.05	Treatment	1.01	0.32
	0.5 mg/kg	0.53 ± 0.05	1.02 ± 0.29	1.32 ± 0.22
	1 mg/kg	0.60 ± 0.13	0.73 ± 0.13	1.35 ± 0.27
	2 mg/kg	0.50 ± 0.06	0.72 ± 0.07	1.11 ± 0.15

0 Hour: Separation from cardiopulmonary bypass and time of infusion. Treatment indicates patient randomized to vehicle or ET-AR Antagonist. ANOVA: analysis of variance. Vehicle: n = 9, 0.1 mg/kg: n=9, 0.5 mg/kg: n=9, 1 mg/kg: n=9, 2 mg/kg: n=8.