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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Aug 7;74(5):1429–1442. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.050609

Fig. 12.

Fig. 12

PPARβ/δ- and RAR/RXR-dependent modulation of keratinocyte cell growth. In response to ligand activation, PPARβ/δ heterodimerizes with RXR, leading to up-regulation of target genes that cause terminal differentiation and apoptotic signaling culminating in the inhibition of cell growth. 9-cis RA may also interact with this signaling by enhancing this effect. atRA or 9-cis RA activate RAR and RXR, respectively, and lead to either heterodimerization or homodimerization with RXR, respectively, and up-regulation of target genes that cause an increase in apoptotic signaling and inhibition of cell growth.