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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Aug 7;74(5):1429–1442. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.050609

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Phosphorylation of Akt and PARP cleavage are not influenced by retinoic acid in HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were treated for 12 h with either atRA or 9-cis RA at the indicated concentration in the presence (A) or absence (B) of culture medium serum as described under Materials and Methods to examine the quantitative expression of phosphorylated Akt and PARP cleavage. Values are the average -fold change compared with control treatment and represent the mean ± S.E.M. Values with different letters are significantly different, P < 0.05, as determined by ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. The cleavage ratio is an indicator of apoptosis and is the average ratio of cleaved PARP to uncleaved PARP normalized values.