Table 3.
Risk Factors for Undisplaced (Grade I and II) and Displaced (Grade III and IV) FN Hip Fracture vs. no Hip Fracture
| Variable (unit)* | Age adjusted [HR (95% CI)] | MV adjusted without BMD [HR (95% CI)] | MV adjusted with BMD [HR (95% CI)] | |
| Undisplaced (grade I and II) | ||||
| Age (5 yr) | — | 1.28 (0.98, 1.67) | 1.09 (0.83, 1.44) | |
| Weight (−12.5 kg) | 1.61 (1.21, 2.13) | 1.45 (0.88, 2.38) | 0.97 (0.58, 1.62) | |
| Weight change from age 25 (−11.1 kg) | 1.51 (1.16, 1.96) | 1.17 (0.73, 1.85) | 1.11 (0.69, 1.77) | |
| Height at age 25 (5.93 cm) | — | — | — | |
| History of fracture (yes) | 1.90 (1.20, 3.00) | 1.31 (0.76, 2.25) | 1.03 (0.59, 1.81) | |
| Maternal hip fracture (yes) | 1.85 (0.98, 3.49) | — | — | |
| Steroid use (yes) | — | — | — | |
| Alcohol use (yes) | — | — | — | |
| Ever pregnant (yes) | — | — | — | |
| Surgical menopause (yes) | — | — | — | |
| Take walks for exercise (yes) | 0.64 (0.40, 1.02) | — | — | |
| Quadriceps strength (−25.6 kg) | 1.41 (1.05, 1.88) | 1.05 (0.75, 1.46) | 0.98 (0.70, 1.38) | |
| Walking speed (−0.22 m/s) | 1.49 (1.18, 1.87) | 1.29 (0.95, 1.75) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.65) | |
| Grip strength (−4.3 kg) | 1.81 (1.44, 2.28) | 1.48 (1.09, 2.03) | 1.44 (1.06, 1.95) | |
| Near depth perception (2.94) † | 1.24 (0.98, 1.56) | — | — | |
| Contrast sensitivity (−0.58) | 1.42 (1.06, 1.89) | 1.14 (0.83, 1.58) | 1.07 (0.77, 1.47) | |
| Femoral neck BMD (−0.11 g/cm2) | 3.57 (2.60, 4.89) | — | 3.26 (2.20, 4.84) | |
| Displaced (grade III and IV) | ||||
| Age (5 yr) | — | 1.55 (1.31, 1.83) | 1.38 (1.16, 1.65) | |
| Weight (−12.5 kg) | 1.25 (1.05, 1.49) | 1.29 (1.03, 1.62) | 0.95 (0.75, 1.21) | |
| Weight change from age 25 (−11.1 kg) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.29) | — | — | |
| Height at age 25 (5.93 cm) | 1.30 (1.12, 1.51) | 1.35 (1.12, 1.64) | 1.28 (1.05, 1.56) | |
| History of fracture (yes) | 1.71 (1.27, 2.31) | 1.41 (0.98, 2.02) | 1.24 (0.86, 1.81) | |
| Maternal hip fracture (yes) | — | — | — | |
| Steroid use (yes) | 2.56 (1.20, 5.46) | 2.98 (1.38, 6.42) | 2.98 (1.38, 6.43) | |
| Alcohol use (yes) | 0.72 (0.53, 0.98) | 0.64 (0.44, 0.93) | 0.67 (0.46, 0.99) | |
| Ever pregnant (yes) | 0.64 (0.45, 0.90) | 0.74 (0.48, 1.13) | 0.72 (0.46, 1.10) | |
| Surgical menopause (yes) | 0.70 (0.40, 1.21) | — | — | |
| Take walks for exercise (yes) | — | — | — | |
| Quadriceps strength (−25.6 kg) | 1.22 (1.01, 1.48) | 1.15 (0.93, 1.41) | 1.14 (0.92, 1.41) | |
| Walking speed (−0.22 m/s) | 1.30 (1.11, 1.51) | 1.24 (1.02, 1.52) | 1.19 (0.96, 1.46) | |
| Grip strength (−4.3 kg) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.37) | — | — | |
| Near depth perception (2.94)† | 1.16 (1.00, 1.35) | — | — | |
| Contrast sensitivity (−0.58) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.36) | — | — | |
| Femoral neck BMD (−0.11 g/cm2) | 1.94 (1.58, 2.38) | — | 2.00 (1.56, 2.57) | |
Values in bold are statistically significant.
* Relative hazard per SD decrease for continuous variable.
† Number correct twice.