Fig. 2.

Switching migration direction during electrotaxis by simultaneous inhibition of GCase and PI3Ks activities. (A and B) Cell trajectories of gc-null (A) and gbpC-null (B) cells at 10 V·cm⁻¹. (C and D) Reversal of preferential direction was observed in gc-null (C) and gbpC-null (D) cells in the presence of 60 μM LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, and 1 μM cAMP at 10 V·cm⁻¹. (E) Directedness at 10 V·cm⁻¹. Migration direction was reversed only when the activity of cGMP- and PI3K-dependent pathways was suppressed simultaneously. *, P < 0.01 compared with WT cells at 10 V·cm⁻¹; #, no statistical significance, unpaired Student's t test. (F) Time course of directedness (instantaneous directedness) at 10 V·cm⁻¹ in which directedness of cells was obtained in 1-min intervals. Data (mean ± SEM) for each cell type were quantified from 8–11 independent experiments.