Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Schizophrenia Spectrum Groups and Healthy Controls
| Characteristic | Healthy Controls (n=148) | SPD patients (n=79) | Sz patients (n=57) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | |
| Age (years) | 35.6 | 13.0 | 17–65 | 37.9a | 10.1 | 19–62 | 34.8b | 14.6 | 17–65 |
| Male/female | 99/49 | 62/17 c | 42/15 d | ||||||
| Psychoactive Meds | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
| Never medicated | - | - | 61 | 77% | 29 | 51% | |||
| Previously medicated | - | - | 18* | 23% | 28 | 49% | |||
| Clinical Symptoms: | Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range |
| BPRS total score | 48.5 | 11.3 | 26–83 | ||||||
| Positive symptom factor | 21.4 | 6.4 | 10–37 | ||||||
| Negative symptom factor | 8.5 | 3.2 | 3–14 | ||||||
| Total number of DSM-III-R symptoms (of 9 possible) | 6.8 | 1.1 | 5–9 | ||||||
| Cognitive impairment factor | 1.5 | .8 | 0–5 | ||||||
| Interpersonal factor | 2.9 | .9 | 1–5 | ||||||
| Paranoid factor | 2.4 | .9 | 1–5 | ||||||
a
post-hoc t-test for HC vs. SPD group, t(225)=1.36, p=0.17.
b
HC vs. Sz group, t(203)=0.38, p=0.70; SPD vs. Sz group, t(134)=1.46, p=0.15.
c
HC vs. SPD group, t(225)=1.84, p=0.07. Note: ANOVAs reported in results section were also analyzed with sex as a covariate and they yielded same pattern of results in terms of group interactions.
d
HC vs. Sz group, t(203)=0.94, p=0.35; SPD vs Sz group, t(134)=0.65, p=0.52.
*
15 of the previously medicated SPD patients received a non-neuroleptic medication and 3 received neuroleptics. All SPD and schizophrenia patients were off psychoactive medications for a minimum of two weeks prior to their MRI scan.