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. 1999 Mar 2;96(5):2001–2006. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.5.2001

Figure 4.

Figure 4

VacA forms pores in planar lipid bilayers. When VacA (final concentration ≈0.1 μg/ml) was added (arrow) to bilayers composed of eggPC/DOPS/cholesterol (4:1:2 mol) in 5 mM citric acid/0.1 M KCl/2 mM EDTA, pH 4.0, a macroscopic current was detected after a few minutes (a). When VacA was added to bilayers of a similar composition as in a but at pH 7.0, no current was detected (b). When VacA was added to a zwitterionic bilayer of eggPC/cholesterol (5:2 mol) in the same pH 4.0 buffer as in a, no macroscopic current was observed (c). In all experiments, a cis-negative potential of 20 mV was applied across the bilayer. In trace a, the discontinuities were caused by a change in the gain of the recording system to avoid saturation. For the middle portion, the gain was lowered by a factor of 5 and for the final portion, by a factor of 20.